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# Orhitec

GIS systems

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://www.orhitec.com/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Posts

- [אורהייטק GIS בע"מ זכתה במכרז לביצוע סקר נכסים מבוסס GIS בעיריית צפת](https://www.orhitec.com/אורהייטק-gis-בעמ-זכתה-במכרז-לביצוע-סקר-נכ-2/?lang=he) - אורהייטק GIS בע"מ זכתה במכרז לביצוע סקר נכסים מבוסס GIS
- [אורהייטק GIS בע"מ זכתה במכרז לעדכון סקר מדידות ארנונה מבוסס GIS במועצה אזורית עמק המעיינות](https://www.orhitec.com/אורהייטק-gis-בעמ-זכתה-במכרז-לעדכון-סקר-מד/?lang=he) - אורהייטק GIS בע"מ זכתה במכרז לעדכון סקר מדידות ארנונה מבוסס GIS במועצה אזורית עמק המעיינות
- [אורהייטק GIS בע"מ זכתה במכרז לביצוע סקר מדידות ארנונה מבוסס GIS וסקר שילוט במועצה מקומית דאלית אל כרמל](https://www.orhitec.com/אורהייטק-gis-בעמ-זכתה-במכרז-לביצוע-סקר-מד-2/?lang=he) - אורהייטק GIS בע"מ זכתה במכרז לביצוע סקר מדידות ארנונה מבוסס GIS וסקר שילוט במועצה מקומית דאלית אל כרמל
- [אורהייטק GIS בע"מ- נוהל חירום](https://www.orhitec.com/אורהייטק-gis-בעמ-נוהל-חירום/?lang=he) - לקוחות יקרים, לאור מצב החירום הבטחוני בישראל, חברתנו מפעילה מוקד חירום לתמיכה במערכות ה GIS המותקנות אצל לקוחות החברה, המוקד יעמוד לרשותכם במשך כל שעות היממה וימי השבוע, ע"פ הפרטים להלן: פנייה בכל נושא: Contact us - Orhitec או פנייה טלפונית: 074-7122222 שלוחה 0 (ספיר) 054-2000198 (רועי) - roei@orhitec.com מנהל לקוח ישיר שלכם בחברה
- [אורהייטק GIS בע"מ - ספק יחיד והקמת ממשקים למנהל התכנון](https://www.orhitec.com/אורהייטק-gis-בעמ-ספק-יחיד-והקמת-ממשקים-למ/?lang=he) - אורהייטק GIS בע"מ - ספק יחיד והקמת ממשקים למנהל התכנון
- [אורהייטק GIS בע"מ זכתה במכרז לביצוע סקר נכסים מבוסס GIS במועצה מקומית שגב שלום](https://www.orhitec.com/אורהייטק-gis-בעמ-זכתה-במכרז-לביצוע-סקר-נכ/?lang=he) - אורהייטק GIS בע"מ זכתה במכרז לביצוע סקר נכסים מבוסס GIS במועצה מקומית שגב שלום
- [אורהייטק GIS בע"מ זכתה במכרז לסקר נכסים במועצה מקומית פרדס חנה](https://www.orhitec.com/אורהייטק-gis-בעמ-זכתה-במכרז-לסקר-נכסים-במ/?lang=he) - אורהייטק GIS בע"מ זכתה במכרז לסקר נכסים במועצה מקומית פרדס חנה
- [אורהייטק GIS בע"מ זכתה במכרז לביצוע סקר רישוי עסקים מבוסס GIS בעיריית שפרעם](https://www.orhitec.com/אורהייטק-gis-בעמ-זכתה-במכרז-לביצוע-סקר-רי/?lang=he) - אורהייטק GIS בע"מ זכתה במכרז לביצוע סקר רישוי עסקים מבוסס GIS בעיריית שפרעם
- [אורהייטק GIS בע"מ זכתה במכרז לביצוע סקר מדידות ארנונה ונכסי רשות במועצה מקומית בסמת טבעון](https://www.orhitec.com/אורהייטק-gis-בעמ-זכתה-במכרז-לביצוע-סקר-מד/?lang=he) - אורהייטק GIS בע"מ זכתה במכרז לביצוע סקר מדידות ארנונה ונכסי רשות במועצה מקומית בסמת טבעון
- [Orhitec GIS Ltd. won tender for conducting a municipal assets survey in Nazareth Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/orhitec-gis-ltd-won-tender-for-conducting-a-municipal-assets-survey-in-nazareth-municipality/) - Orhitec GIS Ltd. won tender for conducting a municipal assets survey in Nazareth Municipality
- [אורהייטק GIS בע"מ זכתה במכרז לעריכת סקר נכסי העירייה (ספר הנכסים) בעיריית נצרת](https://www.orhitec.com/אורהייטק-gis-בעמ-זכתה-במכרז-לעריכת-סקר-נכ/?lang=he) - אורהייטק GIS בעמ זכתה במכרז לעריכת סקר נכסי העירייה (ספר הנכסים) בעיריית נצרת
- [אורהייטק GIS בע"מ זכתה במכרז לביצוע סקר מדידות בעיריית נצרת](https://www.orhitec.com/אורהייטק-זכתה-במכרז-לביצוע-סקר-מדידות/?lang=he) - אורהייטק GIS בעמ זכתה במכרז לביצוע סקר מדידות בעיריית נצרת
- [אורהייטק GIS בע"מ זכתה במכרז לניהול תשתיות עירוניות בטכנולוגיית ERP/GIS במועצה האזורית חבל מודיעין](https://www.orhitec.com/orhitec-gis-ltd-won-tender-for-urban-infrastructure-management-by-erp-gis-technology-in-modiin-region-regional-council/?lang=he) - אורהייטק GIS בעמ זכתה במכרז לניהול תשתיות עירוניות בטכנולוגיית ERPGIS במועצה האזורית חבל מודיעין
- [פעם ראשונה בישראל: תוכנת GIS מלאה עבור מועצת התכנון והבנייה.](https://www.orhitec.com/first-time-in-israel-complete-gis-software-for-the-designing-and-construction-board-5/?lang=he) - First time in Israel: complete GIS software for the Designing and Construction Board.
- [Orhitec GIS Ltd won tender for Survey and GIS system for property tax in Nazareth Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/אורהייטק-זכתה-במכרז-לביצוע-סקר-מדידות/) - Orhitec GIS Ltd won tender for Survey and GIS system for property tax in Nazareth Municipality
- [Orhitec GIS Ltd won tender for Urban Infrastructure management by ERP/GIS technology in Modiin Regional Council](https://www.orhitec.com/orhitec-gis-ltd-won-tender-for-urban-infrastructure-management-by-erp-gis-technology-in-modiin-region-regional-council/) - Orhitec GIS Ltd won tender for Urban Infrastructure management by ERPGIS technology in Modiin Regional Council
- [First time in Israel: complete GIS software for the Designing and Construction Board.](https://www.orhitec.com/first-time-in-israel-complete-gis-software-for-the-designing-and-construction-board-5/) - First time in Israel: complete GIS software for the Designing and Construction Board.

## Pages

- [Homepage](https://www.orhitec.com/) - CONTROL YOUR CITY Welcome to Orhitec GIS Group portal website Orhitec GIS group develops and supplies smart city management systems and solutions using ERPGIS technology, for governments municipalities and diverse public entities.We are built to provide end-to-end solutions, which also include data collection and geographic surveys, various types of maps and aerial photographs, customer support,
- [Contact us](https://www.orhitec.com/contact-us/?lang=he) - צרו קשר השאירו לנו את הפרטים שלכם ונחזור אליכם שם מלא מדינה בחירת מדינה אוגנדה אוזבקיסטן אוסטריה אוסטרליה אוקראינה אורוגוואי אזרבייג'ן איחוד האמירויות הערביות איטליה איי בהאמה איי מרשל איי שלמה אינדונזיה איסלנד איראן אירלנד אל סלוודור אלבניה אלג'יריה אנגולה אנדורה אנטיגואה וברבודה אסטוניה אפגניסטן אקוודור ארגנטינה אריתריאה ארמניה ארצות הברית אתיופיה בהוטן בוטסואנה בולגריה
- [About Us](https://www.orhitec.com/about-us/?lang=he) - קצת עלינו נהל את העיר שלך קבוצת אורהייטק GIS בע”מ נוסדה בישראל על ידי מר בארי כהן בשנת 1999 ומאז מפעילה את פתרונות ה-GIS שלה בלמעלה מ-140 ממשלות ועיריות שונות במספר מדינות.מטרת החברה היא לספק ללקוחותיה הממשלתיים פתרונות הייטק ועיר חכמה לתחום ניהול הנכסים והתשתיות, באמצעות יכולת ניתור ובקרה על המידע באמצעות טכנולוגיות GIS.עם הזמן,
- [עמוד הבית](https://www.orhitec.com/homepage/?lang=he) - מערכות GIS לניהול עיר חכמה ברוכים הבאים לפורטל קבוצת אורהייטק GIS בע"מ אספקת שירותי מידע גיאוגרפיים ומערכות מבוססות GIS לגופים ציבוריים, ממשלות, רשויות מקומיות, למגזר העסקי ולציבור הרחב.כל סל השירותים לניהול עיר חכמה בטכנולוגיות GIS תחת קורת גג אחת, פיתוח תוכנות מדף מותאמות לקוח, איסוף נתונים, מיפוי מצילומי אוויר, סקרים גיאוגרפים, מדידות, ניהול נכסים, מיסוי
- [About Us](https://www.orhitec.com/about-us/) - About Us Control your city with Orhitec GIS Group Orhitec GIS group Ltd. was founded in Israel by Mr. Barry Cohen in 1999 and has since been operating it’s GIS solutions in over 140 different governments and municipalities in several countries.The company goal is to supply to its government customers high-tech and smart city solutions
- [Contact us](https://www.orhitec.com/contact-us/) - Contact us Leave us your details and we’ll call you back Full name Country Select Country Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan The Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada

## JetPopup

- [Lexicon content popup](https://www.orhitec.com/jet-popup/lexicon-content-popup/)
- [Recommendations Lightbox](https://www.orhitec.com/jet-popup/recommendations-lightbox/)

## My Templates

- [single system he](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=single-system-he&lang=he) - חזרה לכל המערכות יש לכם שאלה? השאירו לנו את הפרטים שלכם ונחזור אליכם
- [Header](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=header) - Content area
- [Default Kit](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=default-kit&lang=he)
- [Default Kit](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=default-kit)
- [Footer](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=footer) - Content area
- [Footer he](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=footer-he&lang=he) - Content area
- [Blog Archive he](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=blog-archive-he&lang=he) - הישאר מעודכן בחדשות האחרונות לא נמצאו נתונים
- [Header he](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=header-he&lang=he) - Content area
- [Projects countries archive he](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=projects-countries-archive-he&lang=he) - הפרויקטים שלנו אנו נמצאים בתהליך שיווק והקמת פרויקטי GIS במדינות הבאות: בחר אחת מהמדינות למטה לפרויקטים ישראל
- [Single system 2.0](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=single-system-2-0) - Back to All Systems Have a question? Leave us your details and we’ll call you back
- [Large Image](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=large-image) - Content area
- [Large Image](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=large-image-2&lang=he) - Content area
- [ארכיון מערכות](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=ארכיון-מערכות&lang=he) - מערכות ה-GIS שלנו הקמת מערכות לניהול עיר בטכנולוגית ERP/GIS הספקת מגוון רחב של פתרונות לניהול עיר תחת קורת גג אחת, כולל פיתוח תוכנה וטכנולוגיה, בדיקות היתכנות, בקרה, מימון, איסוף נתונים גיאוגרפיים GIS, ליווי והטמעה ועוד מערכת ERP/GIS עירונית לניהול מוניציפאלי מתקדם מערכת ERPGIS עירונית – לניהול מוניציפאלי מתקדם חברת אורהייטק GIS בע”מ מציגה בפניכם
- [מילון מונחים](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=מילון-מונחים&lang=he) - GIS Lexicon Lexicon letter filter A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Choose a word from the list to read it’s definition No data was found for selected letter
- [מילון מונחים](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=מילון-מונחים&lang=he) - GIS Lexicon Lexicon letter filter A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Choose a word from the list to read it’s definition No data was found for selected letter
- [Single blog post](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=single-blog-post) - Table of Contents Other news 22/11/23 Orhitec GIS Ltd won tender for Urban Infrastructure management by ERPGIS technology in Givatayim Water and sewerage corporation קראו עוד 19/10/23 Orhitec GIS Ltd won tender for Urban Infrastructure management by ERPGIS technology in Modiin Regional Council קראו עוד 19/10/23 Orhitec GIS Ltd won tender for Municipal Assets
- [Single blog post he](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=single-blog-post-he&lang=he) - תוכן העניינים חדשות נוספות 22/11/23 Orhitec GIS Ltd won tender for Urban Infrastructure management by ERPGIS technology in Givatayim Water and sewerage corporation קראו עוד 19/10/23 Orhitec GIS Ltd won tender for Urban Infrastructure management by ERPGIS technology in Modiin Regional Council קראו עוד 19/10/23 Orhitec GIS Ltd won tender for Municipal Assets management
- [Project country archive he](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=project-country-archive-he&lang=he) - חזרה לכל המדינות בחר מיקום הפרויקט שם הרשות תוכן הפרויקט לא נמצאו נתונים
- [Presentations archive he](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=presentations-archive-he&lang=he) - מצגות לא נמצאו מצגות
- [Partners archive he](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=partners-archive-he&lang=he) - השותפים שלנו
- [Single system](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=single-system) - Back to All Systems Opps!! You didn’t choose any image for magnifying action Have a question? Leave us your details and we’ll call you back
- [Presentations archive](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=presentations-archive) - No Presentations were found
- [Project country archive](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=project-country-archive) - Back to all countries Choose project location Name of the authority Contents of the project No data was found
- [Partners archive](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=partners-archive) - Our Partners
- [Partner grid item](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=elementor-loop-item)
- [Systems Archive](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=systems-archive) - Our GIS Systems We provide Geographic Information Systems and services for governments and municipalities We have the experience and ability to provide a wide variety of solutions for city management, all under one roof, including financing, feasibility study, solutions, technology and more ERP/GIS Information Server ERP/GIS Information Server Developed as a modular system that
- [Blog Archive](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=blog-archive) - Stay updated with the latest news No data was found
- [GIS Lexicon](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=gis-lexicon) - GIS Lexicon Lexicon letter filter A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Choose a word from the list to read it’s definition No data was found for selected letter
- [Projects countries archive](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=projects-countries-archive) - Our projects We are in the process of marketing and establishing GIS projects in the following countries: Choose one of the countries below to the projects Israel
- [Page Hero](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=page-hero)
- [Recommendations archive](https://www.orhitec.com/?elementor_library=recommendations-archive) - Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor No recommendations were found

## Partners

- [GeoState](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/geostate/?lang=he)
- [אלביט מערכות](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/אלביט-מערכות/?lang=he)
- [Geo Server](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/geo-server/)
- [Geo Server](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/geo-server/?lang=he)
- [TeamCAD](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/teamcad/)
- [מערך הסייבר הלאומי](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/מערך-הסייבר-הלאומי/)
- [מערך הסייבר הלאומי](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/מערך-הסייבר-הלאומי/?lang=he)
- [TeamCAD](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/teamcad/?lang=he)
- [Partner](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/partner/)
- [esri](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/esri/)
- [Autodesk](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/autodesk/)
- [Microsoft](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/microsoft/)
- [SRT Muhl](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/srt-muhl/)
- [Panasonic](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/panasonic/)
- [Systematics](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/systematics/)
- [Pangea](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/pangea/)
- [IAI](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/iai/)
- [LAC Holding](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/lac-holding/)
- [מפ״י](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/מפ״י/)
- [מינהל התכנון](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/מינהל-התכנון/)
- [Crofton](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/crofton/)
- [CMS](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/cms/)
- [C-data](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/c-data/)
- [מכבי ת״א](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/מכבי-ת״א/)
- [Partner](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/partner/?lang=he)
- [CMS](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/cms/?lang=he)
- [C-data](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/c-data/?lang=he)
- [מכבי ת״א](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/מכבי-ת״א/?lang=he)
- [מפ״י](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/מפ״י/?lang=he)
- [מינהל התכנון](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/מינהל-התכנון/?lang=he)
- [Crofton](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/crofton/?lang=he)
- [Pangea](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/pangea/?lang=he)
- [IAI](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/iai/?lang=he)
- [LAC Holding](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/lac-holding/?lang=he)
- [SRT Muhl](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/srt-muhl/?lang=he)
- [Panasonic](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/panasonic/?lang=he)
- [Systematics](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/systematics/?lang=he)
- [esri](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/esri/?lang=he)
- [Autodesk](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/autodesk/?lang=he)
- [Microsoft](https://www.orhitec.com/partners/microsoft/?lang=he)

## Lexicon

- [ASRG](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/asrg/) - ARC Standard Raster Graphic. Raster graphic data transformed to the Equal ARC-second Raster Chart/Map (ARC) Projection System. See SRG. ASRG (using RGB) is very similar to DMA (Defense Mapping Agency) ADRG (ARC Digitized Raster Graphic). ADRG files can be imported into ArcInfo with the ADRGGRID command. The ASRG (using RGB) can be converted with the
- [breakline](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/breakline/) - A linear feature that defines and controls the surface behavior of a tin in terms of smoothness and continuity. Breaklines are always maintained as linear features in a tin. Stereo-digitized features containing x,y,z values such as streams and shorelines containing an elevation attribute are often stored as breakline features.
- [prime meridian](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/prime-meridian/) - Meridian of longitude 0 degrees, used as the origin for measurements of longitude. The meridian of Greenwich, England, is the internationally accepted prime meridian on most charts. However, local or national prime meridians are occasionally used.
- [formlines](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/formlines/) - Lines, resembling contour lines, drawn to present a conception of the shape of the terrain without regard to a true datum or regular spacing
- [geodesy](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/geodesy/) - Science concerned with the measurement and mathematical description of the size and shape of the earth and its gravitational fields. Geodesy also includes the large-scale, extended surveys for determining positions and elevations of points, in which the size and shape of the earth must be taken into account.
- [graticule](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/graticule/) - Network of parallels and meridians on a map or chart.
- [graticule, geographic](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/graticule-geographic/) - System of coordinates of latitude and longitude used to define the position of a point on the surface of the Earth with respect to the reference spheroid.
- [hachure](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/hachure/) - Any series of lines used on a map to indicate the general direction and steepness of slopes. The lines are short, heavy, and close together for steep slopes; longer, lighter, and more widely spaced for gentle slopes.
- [hypsography](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/hypsography/) - Topography referred to the national geodetic vertical datum of 1929. The science or art of describing heights of land surfaces with reference to this datum.
- [map, engineering](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/map-engineering/) - Map showing information that is essential for planning an engineering project or development and for estimating its cost. It usually is a large-scale map of a small area or of a route. It may be entirely the product of an engineering survey, or reliable information may be collected from various sources for the purpose, and
- [map, thematic](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/map-thematic/) - Map designed to provide information on a single topic, such as geology, rainfall, population.
- [orthophotographic map](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/orthophotographic-map/) - Map produced by assembling orthophotographs at a specified uniform scale in a map format.
- [parallel of latitude](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/parallel-of-latitude/) - A circle, or approximation of a circle, on the surface of the Earth, parallel tot he Equator, and connecting points of equal latitude; a circle of the celestial sphere parallel to the ecliptic, and connecting points of equal celestial latitude.
- [photomap (photographic map)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/photomap-photographic-map/) - Map made by adding marginal information, descriptive data, and a reference system to a photograph or assembly of photographs.
- [planimetry](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/planimetry/) - Plan details of a map - those having no indication of relief or contour.
- [theodolite](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/theodolite/) - Precision surveying instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles.
- [altimeter](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/altimeter/) - Instrument for measuring altitudes or elevations with respect to a reference level, usually mean sea level. The most common type is an aneroid barometer. A radar altimeter determines the height of an aircraft above the terrain by measuring the time required for an electromagnetic pulse to travel from aircraft to the ground and back.
- [bathymetry](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/bathymetry/) - Science of measuring water depths (usually in the ocean) to determine bottom topography.
- [boundary monument](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/boundary-monument/) - Material object placed on or near a boundary line to preserve and identify the location of the boundary line on the ground
- [boundary survey](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/boundary-survey/) - Survey made to establish or to reestablish a boundary line on the ground, or to obtain data for constructing a map or plat showing a boundary line.
- [cadastral survey](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/cadastral-survey/) - Survey relating to land boundaries, made to create units suitable for title transfer or to define the limitations of title. Derived from "cadastre" meaning a register of land quantities, values, and ownership used levying taxes, the term may properly be applied to surveys of a similar nature outside the public lands, such surveys are more
- [cartography](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/cartography/) - Science and art of making maps and charts. The term may be taken broadly as comprising all the steps needed to produce a map: planning, aerial photography, field surveys, photogrammetry, editing, color separation, and multicolor printing. Mapmakers, however, tend to limit use of the term to the map-finishing operations, in which the master manuscript is
- [chain](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/chain/) - Unit of length equal to 66 feet, used especially in the U.S. public land surveys. The original measuring instrument (Gunter's chain) was literally a chain consisting of 100 iron links, each 7.92 inches long. Steel-ribbon tapes began to supersede chains around 1900, but surveying tapes are often still called "chains" and measuring with a tape
- [chart](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/chart/) - Special-purpose map designed for navigation or to present specific data or information. The term "chart" is applied chiefly to maps made primarily for nautical and aeronautical navigation, and to maps of the heavens, although the term is sometimes used to describe other special-purpose maps.
- [chart, aeronautical](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/chart-aeronautical/) - Charts designed to meet requirements of aerial navigating, produced in several series, each on a specified map projection and differing in scale, format, and content, for use as dictated by type of aircraft and whether flight is to be conducted under visual or instrument flight rules.
- [color separation](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/color-separation/) - Process of preparing a separate drawing, engraving, or negative for each color required in the printing production of a map or chart.
- [compilation](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/compilation/) - Preparation of a new or revised map or chart, or portion thereof, from existing maps, aerial photographs, field surveys, and other sources.
- [continuous tone](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/continuous-tone/) - Image not broken into dots by photographic screen; contains unbroken gradient tones from black to white, and may be either in negative or positive form. Aerial photographs are examples of continuous-tone prints. Contrasted with halftone (screened) and line copy.
- [contour interval](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/contour-interval/) - Difference in elevation between two adjacent contours
- [control station](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/control-station/) - Point on the ground whose position (horizontal or vertical) is known and can be used as a base for additional survey work.
- [coordinates, origin of](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/coordinates-origin-of/) - Points in a system of coordinates which serves as a zero point in computing the system's elements or in prescribing its use.
- [culture](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/culture/) - Features constructed by man that are under, on, or above the ground which are delineated on a map. These include roads, trails, buildings, canals, sewer systems, and boundary lines. In a broad sense, the term also applies to all names, other identification, and legends on a map.
- [depth curve](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/depth-curve/) - Line on a map or chart connecting points of equal depth below the datum.
- [diazo process](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/diazo-process/) - Rapid method for copying documents in which the image is developed by exposure to ammonia
- [elevation](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/elevation/) - Vertical distance of a point above or below a reference surface or datum.
- [feature separation](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/feature-separation/) - Process of preparing a separate drawing, engraving, or negative for selected types of data in the preparation of a map or chart.
- [Peripherals](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/peripherals/) - are items of computer equipment such as plotters, printers, scanners, digitizers, and graphics displays. Although essential to a complete GIS system, these pieces of equipment are considered peripheral to central computer resources such as the processor, memory, keyboard, and display screen.
- [Photogrammetry](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/photogrammetry/) - uses aerial photographs to produce planimetric and topographic maps of the earth's surface and of features of the built environment. Effective photogrammetry makes use of ground control by which aerial photographs are carefully compared and registered to the locations and characteristics of features identified in ground-level surveys.
- [Platform](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/platform/) - is a another term for computer hardware, including microcomputers, workstations, and mainframe computers. When discussing software, platform independence implies the software can be run on any computer.
- [Sensitivity analysis](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/sensitivity-analysis/) - can be used in a prototype GIS project to estimate the degree of precision required to reach a particular analytical objective.
- [Protocol](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/protocol/) - is a set of rules or standards which govern communication between computers and between computers and peripherals.
- [RFI](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/rfi/) - RFI stands for request for information. An RFI is one way for a company or government organization to gather information from vendors about products and services. An RFI may be a written document (somewhat like an RFP ), a letter outlining general project concepts, or personal communication.
- [RFP](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/rfp/) - means request for proposal. An RFP is a formal invitation issued by a business or government agency requesting interested vendors to submit written proposals meeting a particular set of requirements. If interested in bidding for the project, vendors respond with a description of the techniques they would employ to meet the requirements, a plan of
- [TIGER](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/tiger/) - is an acronym for topologically integrated geographic encoding and referencing file. This is a type of digital map developed by the U.S. Bureau of the Census to support the 1990 population census. Census maps in TIGER format succeed the previous DIME format. TIGER files are available for every county in the United States and for
- [Tile](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/tile/) - is a subset of a GIS database that contains information about one subarea of the overall digital map. Tiles are an effective way of dividing a continuous map into units which can be easily created, edited, and analyzed. The terms tile and facet are synonymous and are, in some ways, the opposite of a continuous
- [Township and Range](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/township-and-range/) - is a cadastral system established by the United States Public Land Survey of 1785 to partition public land so that it could be sold or deeded. Land parcels across large areas of the United States are recorded using the township and range system, although not in Texas.
- [Translation](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/translation/) - is the process of converting data or commands from one computer format to another, or from one computer language to another.
- [Turnkey System](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/turnkey-system/) - is a complete hardware and software system designed, built, installed, and tested by a vendor for a customer. Supposedly, the system will be fully operational once it is installed and tested. The term derives from the idea that the customer need only "turn the key," or flip on a switch, and the system will be
- [VM](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/vm/) - stands for virtual machine, the name and concept behind one of IBM's two principal mainframe operating systems. In the VM environment, hundreds of individual users can make use of a large mainframe computer, and the operating system will maintain the illusion that all the computer's resources are available for each individual user alone. Thus, the
- [Warping](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/warping/) - is a method which can overcome some of the problems of edge matching . It can also be used to resolve registration problems arising from digitizing source maps of different scales, different projections, and varying coordinate systems.
- [XEDIT](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/xedit/) - is the name of the full-screen text editor which is standard to the VM operating system. Xedit is used to create and edit data files and source-code files.
- [adjustment](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/adjustment/) - Process designed to remove inconsistencies in measured or computed quantities by applying derived corrections to compensate for random or accidental errors.
- [adjustment, land- line](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/adjustment-land-line/) - Positioning land lines on a map to indicate their true, theoretical, or approximate location relative to the adjacent terrain and culture, by reconciling the information shown on Bureau of Land Management plats and field records with the ground evidence of the location of the lines.
- [adjustment, standard accuracy](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/adjustment-standard-accuracy/) - Adjustment of a survey resulting in values for positions and (or) elevations that comply with the National Map Accuracy Standards.
- [aerotriangulation](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/aerotriangulation/) - The process of developing a network of horizontal and or vertical positions from a group of known positions using direct or indirect measurements from aerial photographs and mathematical computations.
- [alidade](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/alidade/) - Instrument, or part of an instrument , for determining direction , either horizontal or vertical . In its simplest form, a peepsight or telescope mounted on a straightedge and used for plotting directions graphically. In such instruments as transits and theodolites, the alidade is the part containing the telescope and its attachments.
- [COGO](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/cogo/) - COGO is an abbreviation for coordinate geometry, a method of data input and analysis similar in principle to metes-and-bounds surveying. Input begins at a point, moves at a given angle or in a certain direction for a set distance, and continues in the same fashion until a geographic feature is completely outlined.
- [Ethernet](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/ethernet/) - Ethernet is a type of local-area network used for high-speed communication among computers.
- [Continuous Map](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/continuous-map/) - Continuous Map is a means of storing a digital map as if it represented a continuous, unbroken surface. Many large GIS databases are broken into subfiles which represent smaller sections of a larger area. These separate subfiles are referred to as tiles or facets. A continuous map allows the user to move in any and
- [Conversion](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/conversion/) - Conversion is the process of transferring data derived from existing records and maps to a digital database. Conversion is a major input problem and can consume the greatest share of time in a GIS project.
- [DIME](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dime/) - DIME is the abbreviation for dual independent map encoding. This is a digital map format developed by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for population census. DIME format was superseded byTIGER format in the 1990 census
- [DPI](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dpi/) - DPI is an abbreviation for dots (or pixels) per inch, a measure of the resolution of graphic displays.
- [DTM](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dtm/) - DTM stands for digital terrain model, a method of transforming elevation data into a contoured surface or a three-dimensional display.
- [Facet](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/facet/) - Facet is a subset of a GIS database that contains information about one subarea of the overall digital map. Facets are an effective way of dividing a continuous map into units which can be easily created, edited, and analyzed. The terms facet and tile are synonymous and are, in some ways, the opposite of a
- [Hierarchical Database](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/hierarchical-database/) - Hierarchical Database stores related information in terms of pre-defined categorical relationships in a "tree-like" fashion. Information is traced from a major group, to a subgroup, and to further subgroups. Much like tracing a family tree, data can be traced through parents along paths through the hierarchy. Users must keep track of the hierarchical structure in
- [Host Computer](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/host-computer/)
- [Infrastructure](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/infrastructure/) - refers to the roads, cables, wires, pipes, bridges, canals, reservoirs, and sewers that support economy and society. Infrastructure development and management are important in urban and rural areas at the local, state, regional, national, or international levels.
- [Land Base](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/land-base/) - Land Base includes the natural and man-made environmental features within which infrastructure is developed or by which natural resources are indexed and analyzed.
- [Libraries](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/libraries/) - contain frequently used symbols, subroutines, and commands. Rather than recreating a symbol everytime it is required, a user can call the symbol from a library using a unique identification code. The same is true of subroutines, sometimes referred to as macros.
- [LIS](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/lis/) - is the acronym for land information system. LIS and GIS are virtually synonymous, although it could be maintained that an LIS is but one component of a GIS.
- [Mass Storage](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/mass-storage/) - Mass Storage refers to computer equipment designed to record, store, and read "masses" of data. A variety of magnetic and optical media are currently available for mass storage, including magnetic disks, magnetic tapes, magnetic cassettes, and optical disks. The selection of a suitable mass storage device for a GIS database usually involves establishing a compromise
- [Metes and Bounds](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/metes-and-bounds/) - is a traditional method of land surveying in which the boundaries of land parcels are recorded in terms of relative direction and distance. Local landmarks and natural environmental features may serve as points of origin and destination along a given traverse.
- [Network Analysis](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/network-analysis/) - is a range of techniques employed by engineers and planners to study the properties of networks including connectivity, capacity, and rates of flow. Network analysis can be used to estimate the capacity of a road network or to plan for additions to an electrical distribution system.
- [OEM](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/oem/) - is an abbreviation for original equipment manufacturer. OEMs manufacture computer equipment which they sell to other computer makers and vendors who, in turn, sell it to end users. The plotters in the lab are manufactured by Hewlett-Packard--in this case an OEM--who sells them to IBM. IBM repackages the plotters and sells them to users.
- [Paneling](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/paneling/) - is a means of subdividing the display of a GIS database or digital map. Paneling allows users to view selectively the different sections of a digital map.
- [Parcel](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/parcel/) - is a fundamental cadastral unit: a piece of land which can be owned, sold, and developed. Parcels have legal descriptions which not only describe their boundaries but also contain information concerning rights and interests.
- [quadtree](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/quadtree/) - A spatial index which recursively decomposes a data set (e.g., image) into square cells of different sizes until each cell has a homogeneous value. Quadtrees are often used for storing raster data.
- [ANSI](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/ansi/) - ANSI is an abbreviation for American National Standards Institute. ANSI standards have been established for many elements of computer systems to aid research and development. The existence of standards allows designers to develop general solutions to common problems.
- [Attribute](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/attribute/) - Attribute data is descriptive information about features or elements of a database. For a database feature like census tract, attributes might include many demographic facts including total population, average income, and age. In statistical parlance, an attribute is a "variable," whereas the database feature represents an "observation" of the variable.
- [Accuracy](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/accuracy/) - is the degree to which information on a map or in a digital database matches true or accepted values. Accuracy is an issue pertaining to the quality of data and the number of errors contained in a dataset or map. In discussing a GIS database, it is possible to consider horizontal and vertical accuracy with
- [Algorithm](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/algorithm/) - Algorithm is a procedure used to solve a mathematical or computational problem or to address a data processing issue. In the latter sense, an algorithm is a set of step-by-step commands or instructions designed to reach a particular goal.
- [Base Maps](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/base-maps/) - Base Maps provide the background upon which thematic data is overlayed and analyzed. As inputs into a GIS, the term base map is usually applied to those sources of information about relatively permanent, sometimes timeless, features including topography, pedology, geology, cadastral divisions, and political divisions. Within a GIS database, such information may become part of
- [Benchmark Tests](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/benchmark-tests/) - Benchmark Tests are standardized routines for comparing the performance of competing hardware and software under conditions intended to reflect common patterns of use. Widely used benchmark tests have been developed to compare the speed of computers. But more specific benchmark tests also may be developed by a single organization to test new equipment under conditions
- [Bundled and Unbundled](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/bundled-and-unbundled/) - Bundled and Unbundled refers to the way software and hardware is sold. Often software is sold together--bundled--with hardware as a complete ready-to-use turnkey system. It is more common recently to purchase hardware and software separately, in unbundled form.
- [MDI](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/mdi/) - Multiple Document Interface was developed by Microsoft, with menus, buttons, tools, and windows called documents.
- [coordinates](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/coordinates/) - Linear and (or) angular quantities that designate the position of a point in relation to a given reference frame.
- [grid](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/grid/) - A geographic data model representing information as an array of equally sized square cells arranged in rows and columns. Each grid cell is referenced by its geographic x,y location.
- [Factor](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/factor/) - A factor is one of the two types of criteria upon which decisions can be based. A factor enhances, or detracts from, the suitability of a specific alternative under consideration. It is therefore measured on a continuous scale. In most cases, fuzzy set membership is appropriate for its evaluation. Factors are also known as decision
- [georeferencing](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/georeferencing/) - Georeferencing refers to the geographic location of data represented in an image or
- [dither](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dither/) - To use a pattern of solid dots to simulate more colors than are actually available when displaying images
- [dot variable](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dot-variable/) - Variable that refers to an object property. It consists of a period (.) followed by the variable name for that property. Dot variables can be entered in expressions used for building a template file for Report mode queries and for property alteration
- [drawing cleanup](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/drawing-cleanup/) - The process of removing errors or unnecessary data from a digitized, scanned, or imported map
- [Correspondence File](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/correspondence-file/) - A file that contains the coordinates of specific points, termed control points, in two different reference systems. Normally the first set of coordinates corresponds to the locations in an arbitrary plane reference system (non-georeferenced), while the second set of coordinates corresponds to the same locations in the desired georeferencing system. The coordinates in the correspondence
- [criterion](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/criterion/) - In reference to the DECISION SUPPORT modules in Idrisi for Windows, a criterion is some basis for a decision that can be measured and evaluated. It is the evidence upon which a decision is based. There are two types of criteria: factors and constraints. Generally, factors express a continuous range and constraints are boolean-based.
- [Documentation file,documentation](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/documentation-filedocumentation/) - An ASCII file that accompanies and supplies important information about every image, vector and values file. This ancillary information is often called metadata
- [Electromagnetic Spectrum](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/electromagnetic-spectrum/) - The sun emits energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation or waves. These waves are characterized by their wavelength and their mathematical inverse, the wave frequency. Either property can be used to characterize a wave, but in Remote Sensing, it is common to distinguish electromagnetic waves by their wavelengths (measured in micro- or nanometers). Solar
- [Image Processing System](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/image-processing-system/) - A set of analytical routines designed for the restoration, enhancement and computerassisted interpretation of digital images, most particularly of remotely sensed data
- [Potential](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/potential/) - An estimate of the interaction between one location and all other locations in a region, based on the magnitudes of some phenomenon at each of those locations. It is an extension of the gravity model in geographic analysis.
- [Random-Access](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/random-access/) - A disk file access technique where the elements do not need to be accessed in a particular order, but can be accessed in any order
- [Primary colors](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/primary-colors/) - Colors which, when mixed in varying proportions, will yield a perception of all other colors. The technology of cathode ray tubes (CRTs) uses the additive primaries of Red, Green and Blue. They are called additive because one starts with an absence of light (black) and progressively adds various combinations of the three primaries. In the
- [Regression](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/regression/) - Regression is a statistical technique that allows one to examine the relationship between a dependent variable and multiple independent variables. The regression result may be used to predict the dependent variable.
- [Zoom extents](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/zoom-extents/) - To magnify a drawing based on its extents so that the view shows the largest possible view of all spatial objects
- [Geoid](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/geoid/) - An ellipsoid with a highly irregular surface used to describe the shape of the earth.
- [hatch](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/hatch/) - The AutoCad software program has a regular pattern used to fill an area with a series of cross-angled lines.
- [Intersection(expression)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/intersectionexpression/) - Two or more conditions joined with the logical operator AND. An item is selected only if the item meets all specified conditions
- [Intersection(geometry)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/intersectiongeometry/) - The location where one line, surface, or solid crosses another so as to have one or more points in common
- [Key field](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/key-field/) - One or more fields in a table whose values are used to uniquely identify a record. To provide useful links, a key field should contain a unique value for each record
- [key value](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/key-value/) - A value stored on an object that specifies that value to match in the key field of a table
- [query](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/query/) - A set of criteria for specifying the selection of objects or records.
- [Map query](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/map-query/) - The process of selecting information from a GIS by asking spatial or logical questions of the geographic data. You build the set of conditions that specify the selection of drawing objects from source drawings. Conditions in a Map query can be based on the location or properties of an object or on data stored in
- [meridian](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/meridian/) - A great circle passing through both poles, corresponding to a line of longitude
- [monuments](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/monuments/) - Features with known coordinates, used to establish accurate and precise location on a map
- [conformal projection](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/conformal-projection/) - Conformal projections maintain local angles. A map projection is conformal when the scale is the same in every direction at any point. Meridians and parallels intersect at right angles, the shape of small areas and angles with very short sides are preserved. Most larger area sizes are distorted.
- [UDL](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/udl/) - A UDL file contains the specific information needed to connect to a database, including the data provider, the location of the data, and the typen of database
- [Union](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/union/) - Two or more conditions joined with the logical operator Or. An item is selected only if the item meets at least one of the specified criteria.
- [Unlock](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/unlock/) - This comand use in AutoCad to release objects that were locked for editing
- [Zoom](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/zoom/) - To change the display magnification so that it focuses on progressively smaller areas (when you zoom in) or larger areas (when you zoom out) of an image
- [Classification](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/classification/) - Any technique whereby data are grouped into a smaller number of more general imteger categories is known as a classification. In remote sensing, a classification is a procedure whereby data cells are assigned to one of a broad group of landcover classes according to the nature of the specific reflectances found at that place
- [Attribute data](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/attribute-data/) - Text data that describes the characteristics of map objects.Attribute datab is stored in tables and databases,which are linked to selected drawing objects.
- [Bite file](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/bite-file/) - A binary image file in which all cells have values within the range of 0 to 255 (positive only) and can thus be stored as single-byte integers rather than the two-byte integers normally required.
- [Cartesian Coordinates](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/cartesian-coordinates/) - Named in honor of Rene Descartes , Cartesian coordinates use an arbitrary grid with an origin (0,0) in the lower left and increasing X and Y axes. The X axis runs horizontaly,the Y axis vertically,and locations within the plane are described using (X,Y) pairs. The X value describes the horizontal location of the point,and the
- [metadata](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/metadata/)
- [conic projection](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/conic-projection/) - A map projection in which the earths surface is drawn as it would appear if projected on a cone wrapped around the earth. The Lambert Conformal Conic is often used for maps of the continental United States, France, and other countries.
- [DBMS](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dbms/) - A computer-based system or application software used to create and maintain a database, for example, Access or dBASE. _x000D_ Abbreviated DBMS, Database Management System are used to store and manage information. The information for each entity is known collectively as a record.A record is in turn made up of fields-attributes concerning those entities.The term Database
- [DEM,DTM](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/demdtm/) - Is a term used to refer to an image which stores data that can be envisioned as heights on a surface.Although the grid structure breaks up the surface into cells of uniform character,the data are considered to come from an underlying continuous surface.A special case is the DTM, where the heights are heights above mean
- [DeskTop Mapping](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/desktop-mapping/)
- [VPF Metadata](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/vpf-metadata/) - The VPF data model is self-defining, which means it contains information about the data that it stores. The information is called metadata and is primarily used in two ways: to describe the contents of a table' to provide information about other tables or files in the database
- [Idrisi](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/idrisi/) - Idrisi was a cartographer and geographer of major significance during the medieval period. He was born in 1099 AD in Sebtah (now Ceuta) on the North African coast of what is now Morocco. Idrisi traveled widely throughout Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and Asia Minor.
- [coverage](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/coverage/) - 1.A term commonly used to indicate a data set pertaining to a single theme. For example, an GIS software IDRISI image consisting only of vegetation type codes could be referred to as a vegetation coverage._x000D_ 2. A digital version of a map forming the basic unit of vector data storage in ArcInfo. A coverage stores
- [Contour Line](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/contour-line/)
- [Topography](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/topography/)
- [Boolean image](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/boolean-image/) - An image where the attribute of any cell can only be an integer 1 or 0 (also referred to as a binary or logical image)
- [Node](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/node/) - A single point or a link end point or intersection in a topology. A node can be represented as a block or point object
- [geodetic projection](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/geodetic-projection/)
- [ellipsoid](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/ellipsoid/) - An approximation of the shape of the earth that does not account for variations caused by the nonuniform density of the earth.Synonymous with spheroid
- [longitude](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/longitude/) - The second part of a spherical coordinate system used to record positions on the surface of the earth. Longitude measures angular distance east or west of the prime meridian, which runs through Greenwich, England.
- [Bit](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/bit/) - A contraction of the words "binary digit".A bit is represented as an on/off circuit in computers, and can store the number 0 or 1.Larger numbers can be formed through the use of a base-2 arithmetic system.For example,the binary number 101 represents the decimal number5.
- [Cylindrical projection](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/cylindrical-projection/) - A map projection in which the surface of the earth is drawn as it would appear if projected on a cylinder wrapped around the earth in a north-south direction.
- [](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/2658/)
- [MAPKEY](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/mapkey/)
- [Line](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/line/) - A line is a spatial object,made up of a connected sequence of points. Lines have no width , and thus, a specified location must be on one side of the line or the other, but never on the line itself.
- [catalog](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/catalog/) - For some SQL database systems, the alias for the path that contains subdirectories for database files.
- [cell](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/cell/) - For image file: it as a rectangular division of space which is considered to have uniform characteristics._x000D_ For database file :The specific data value in the box where a row and a column in a database table intersect
- [SQL](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/sql/) - Structured Query Language. A language designed to standardize communication with databases
- [RECORD](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/record/) - In a data file, a uniformly structured set of data items, or field values. In SQL terms, a record is analogous to a tuple._x000D_ 2. A logical unit of data in a file._x000D_ Also called a row.
- [control points](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/control-points/) - Locations with established latitude and longitude, and often elevation, used for accuracy and precise location of maps. A system of geodetic control points covers the entire United States. Similar systems exist for all countries, such as Bench Marks and Trigonometry Points in the United Kingdom
- [Pixel](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/pixel/) - Pixel - short for the words "picture element". A pixel strictly refers to a smallest resoevable element in an image. A pixel has both a spatial location and a value component.
- [Spatial object](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/spatial-object/) - Spatial objects are delimited geographic areas, with a number of different kinds of associated attributes or characteristics
- [rubber sheeting(in AutoCAD Map)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/rubber-sheetingin-autocad-map/) - An editing method, used only when necessary, that attempts to correct errors by stretching a map to fit known control points or monuments
- [Map projection](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/map-projection/) - Map Projection is a mathematical formula for representing the curved surface of the earth on a flat map.This mathematical model transforms the locations of features on the Earth's surface to locations on a two-dimensional surface. No flat representation of the earth can be completely accurate.Because the Earth is three-dimensional, map projections differ in the way
- [Header file](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/header-file/) - The header file
- [shapefile](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/shapefile/) - ArcView shapefiles are a simple, non-topological format for storing the geometric location and attribute information of geographic features. A shapefile is one of the spatial data formats that you can work with in ArcView
- [spatial data](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/spatial-data/) - Spatial data stores the geometric location of geographic features,along with attribute information describing what these features represent.The locational data is stored in a vector or raster data structure, and corresponding attribute data is stored in a set of tables related geographically to the feayures they describe. This is also known as a georelational data structure
- [DATABASE](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/database/) - A table or a set of tables containing text data related to a particular subject or purpose, for example, street addresses and property values_x000D_ A GIS database includes data about the spatial location and shape of geographic features recorded as points, lines, areas, pixels, grid cells, or tins, as well as their attributes.
- [Topology](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/topology/) - Topology - a set of geometric relationships between Links,Nodes, and Centroids. Topology describes how lines, nodes, and polygons connect and relate to each other, and forms the basis for advanced GIS functions such as network tracing,spatial analysis, buffer analysis, overlay analyses, and dissolving a polygon topology.
- [FIELD](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/field/) - Field is a specific caregory of information in a data file, such as Perimetr or Names of inhabitants. Also called a column._x000D_ In Database Management Systems, a field is one piece of information within a record. An address or land use designation might be a field in database of property parcel records
- [Map](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/map/) - Map - an abstract representation of the physical features of a portion of the surface of the earth graphically displayed on a planar surface. Maps display signs, symbols, and spatial relationships among the features. They typically emphasize,generalize, and omit certain features from the display to meet design objectives.For example,railroad features might be included in a
- [Program](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/program/)
- [save set( in GIS program of Autodesc (AutoCadMap)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/save-set-in-gis-program-of-autodesc-autocadmap/) - Object that have been created or modified in the project drawing and are marked to be saved back to source drawings
- [Resolution](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/resolution/) - In a raster image, the density of pixels - per - inch (ppi) or dots - per - inch
- [Raster](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/raster/) - Images containing individual dots (called pixels or cells) with color values,arranged in a rectangular, evenly spaced array.Aerial photographs and satellite images are examples of raster images used in mapping.
- [registered table](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/registered-table/) - A DBMS table which is part of an ArcStorm database is said to be 'registered' with the database.
- [relate](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/relate/) - An operation that establishes a temporary connection between corresponding records in two tables using an item common to both (i.e., relate key). Each record in one table is connected to those records in the other table that share the same value for the common item.
- [relate key](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/relate-key/) - The common set of columns used to relate two attribute tables. See also relate, primary key and foreign key
- [relational database](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/relational-database/) - A method of structuring data as collections of tables that are logically associated to each other by shared attributes. Any data element can be found in a relation by knowing the name of the table, the attribute (column) name, and the value of the primary key.
- [relational join](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/relational-join/) - The operation of relating and physically merging two attribute tables using their common item.
- [resampling](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/resampling/) - The process of reducing image data set size by representing a group of pixels with a single pixel. Thus, pixel count is lowered, individual pixel size is increased, and overall image geographic extent is retained. Resampled images are "coarse" and have less information than the images from which they are taken. Conversely, this process can
- [orthophotomap](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/orthophotomap/) - Orthophotographic map with contours and cartographic treatment, presented in a standard format, and related to standard reference systems.
- [polygon overlay](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/polygon-overlay/) - A topological overlay procedure which determines the spatial coincidence of two sets of polygon features and creates a new set of polygons based on identity, intersect, or union
- [POSIX character set](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/posix-character-set/) - POSIX character sets support languages which only require 7-bit characters (such as US English).
- [POSIX 1003.1A](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/posix-1003-1a/) - A revision to the POSIX 1003.1 standard that defines a set of standard operating system interfaces and an environment for application programs written in C.
- [POSIX 1003.4a](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/posix-1003-4a/) - Defines thread support to facilitate writing multitasking operations, particularly server applications.
- [PostScript](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/postscript/) - PostScript is a page-description computer language developed, marketed, and trademarked by Adobe Systems, Inc. PostScript is supported on most LaserWriter printers. PostScript is particularly useful in computerized typesetting applications and desktop publishing with graphics. PostScript files can be plotted on non-PostScript plotting devices by means of Raster Image Processor (RIP) software.
- [precision](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/precision/) - Refers to the number of significant digits used to store numbers, and in particular, coordinate values. Precision is important for accurate feature representation, analysis and mapping. ArcInfo supports single precision and double precision
- [preliminary topology](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/preliminary-topology/) - Refers to incomplete region topology. Region topology defines region-arc and region-polygon relationships. A topological region has both the region-arc relationship and the region-polygon relationship. A preliminary region has the region-arc relationship but not the region-polygon relationship. In other words, preliminary regions have no polygon topology
- [primary key](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/primary-key/) - One or more attributes whose values uniquely identify a row in a database table.
- [production](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/production/) - The property of an origin which produces a trip for a particular activity. This is usually a function of the population at the origin. For example, a household production for two adults and one child might be one trip per week for groceries, two trips per day for work, three trips per six months to
- [profile](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/profile/) - A vertical sectional view of a surface derived by sampling surface values along a section line
- [projection file](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/projection-file/) - 1. A coverage file that stores the parameters for the map projection and coordinate system of a geographic data set (e.g., a coverage). 2. A text file containing input and output projection parameters that can be used to convert a geographic data file from one coordinate system to another.
- [proximal tolerance](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/proximal-tolerance/) - The minimum distance in ground units separating all point locations on the horizontal plane. If two or more points are found within the proximal tolerance distance of each other, only the first point read is passed for further processing.
- [topographic map,quadrangle ,quad](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/topographic-mapquadrangle-quad/) - 1. A map containing contours indicating lines of equal surface elevation (relief), often referred to as topo maps. 2. Often used to refer to a map sheet published by the U.S. Geological Survey in the 7.5-minute quadrangle series or the 15-minute quadrangle series.
- [route attribute table, RAT](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/route-attribute-table-rat/) - Route attribute table. An RAT stores route attributes. There is one RAT for each route-system in a coverage. In addition to user-defined attributes, an RAT contains a sequence number and feature identifier for each route. See also route-system, section, SEC, and feature attribute table
- [RDBMS](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/rdbms/) - Relational database management system. A database management system with the ability to access data organized in tabular files that can be related to each other by a common field (item). An RDBMS has the capability to recombine the data items from different files, providing powerful tools for data usage.
- [real numbers](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/real-numbers/) - Decimal numbers (e.g., 3.1417, 0.25, 1.8992, 6.0).
- [rectification](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/rectification/) - The process by which an image or grid is converted from image coordinates to real-world coordinates. Rectification typically involves rotation and scaling of grid cells, and thus requires resampling of values.
- [referential integrity](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/referential-integrity/) - The capability to ensure that changes to one table that affect other tables are transmitted to those other tables. For example, a table will not be given a foreign key value that does not exist as a primary key in another table.
- [region](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/region/) - A coverage feature class used to represent a spatial feature as one or more polygons. Many regions can be defined in a single coverage. Regions have attributes (PAT) that describe the geographic feature they represent.
- [one-to-many](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/one-to-many/) - A relate in which one record in a table is related to many records in another table.
- [OPEN LOOK](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/open-look/) - A graphical user interface (GUI) for the X Window system developed by AT&T (Open Look) and Sun Microsystems (OPEN LOOK).
- [online access](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/online-access/) - Direct access to data that does not involve file transfer.
- [optical disk](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/optical-disk/) - A digital data storage technology that uses optical media to store information. Optical disks are slower, but store more data and cost less per unit of stored data than magnetic disks. Several optical platters can be installed in a single device called a jukebox. Optical disks are used when very large amounts of data need
- [operating system, OS](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/operating-system-os/) - Computer software designed to allow communication between the computer and the user. The operating system controls the flow of data, the application of other programs, the organization and management of files, and the display of information.
- [ORACLE](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/oracle/) - database management system
- [OSF, Open Software Foundation](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/osf-open-software-foundation/) - The Open Software Foundation is an international consortium that promotes the standardization of the UNIX operating system
- [OSF/MOTIF](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/osf-motif/) - An industry-standard graphical user interface developed by the Open Software Foundation for the UNIX workstation environment.
- [OSI](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/osi/) - Open Systems Interconnect, a seven-layer hierarchical reference interface and communications model sponsored by ISO, 1984, known as the OSI Reference Model: layer 7--applications, layer 6--presentations, 5--session, 4--transport, 3--network, 2--data link, 1--physical. This model is incorporated at the operating system level. The OSI model is used to develop interfaces and integrate two dissimilar systems (i.e., PCs
- [origin](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/origin/) - 1. The reference location for a planar coordinate system, usually represented by the values 0,0. 2. The place where a trip starts. This is usually the home for most consumers. For a population group, an origin could be a census tract or a city. Origins are represented as nodes in a network coverage, as points
- [overlay, topological overlay](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/overlay-topological-overlay/) - An analysis procedure for determining the spatial coincidence of geographic features.
- [overshoot](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/overshoot/) - That portion of an arc digitized past its intersection with another arc.
- [page extent](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/page-extent/) - Defines a rectangular portion of the graphics page to be displayed.
- [parallel](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/parallel/) - 1. A property of two or more lines that is separated at all points by the same distance. 2. A horizontal line encircling the Earth at a constant latitude. Parallel is a degree of latitude that circles the earth parallel to the Equator.So the Equator is a parallel whose latitude is 0. Measures of latitude
- [path](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/path/) - An ordered set of network links and network nodes which connects an origin to a destination center
- [pathfinding](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/pathfinding/) - The process of finding a path between an origin and destination, which usually involves determining a least-cost path
- [petabyte](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/petabyte/) - A measure of data size. One petabyte is equivalent to 1,000 terabytes.
- [pit](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/pit/) - A point around which all slopes are positive (i.e., upward).
- [point-in-polygon](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/point-in-polygon/) - A topological overlay procedure which determines the spatial coincidence of points and polygons. Points are assigned the attributes of the polygons within which they fall.
- [polygon-arc topology](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/polygon-arc-topology/) - The topological data structure ArcInfo uses to represent connectivity between arcs to form polygons. Polygon-arc topology supports the definition of polygons and analysis functions such as topological overlay.
- [networking protocols](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/networking-protocols/) - A networking protocol is software that provides a communication gateway (link) allowing the exchange of data between various networking systems. Protocols are a fixed set of rules used to specify the format of an exchange of data.
- [NFS, Network File System](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/nfs-network-file-system/) - The Network File System (NFS) protocol allows a given computer to access a disk on another computer over a network in a transparent fashion. The hard disk can be accessed just as easily as if it were local to the user's machine. To get access to a disk across a network, the disk must be
- [NIST](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/nist/) - National Institute of Standards & Technology is the agency that produces the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) for all U.S.A. government agencies except the Department of Defense.
- [NMAS](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/nmas/) - National map accuracy standards are specifications of accuracy standards for well-defined map points on published maps that are specified by the U.S. Geological Survey and revised by the U.S. Bureau of the Budget.
- [network](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/network/) - 1. An interconnected set of arcs representing possible paths for the movement of resources from one location to another. 2. A coverage representing linear features containing arcs or a route-system. Also known as network coverage. 3. When referring to computer hardware systems, a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN).
- [pathname](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/pathname/) - The path to a file or directory located on a disk. Pathnames are always specific to the computer operating system.
- [Paul Revere tour](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/paul-revere-tour/) - A traveling salesman tour in which the start is different from the ending stop. The name is derived from American history, after the famous ride of Paul Revere.
- [peak](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/peak/) - A point around which all slopes are negative (i.e., downward).
- [peripheral device](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/peripheral-device/) - A hardware device not part of the central computer (e.g., digitizers, plotters, and printers).
- [persistent lock](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/persistent-lock/) - A long-term database lock required when users wish to maintain a consistent view of their data while doing modifications over a long transaction.
- [node match tolerance](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/node-match-tolerance/) - The minimum radial distance within which two nodes will be joined (matched) to form one node.
- [normalization](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/normalization/) - A conceptual database design task that involves applying data dependency to a data model to avoid data inconsistencies by prohibiting redundancy.
- [NTF, National Transfer Format](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/ntf-national-transfer-format/) - National Transfer Format (British Standard BS 7567). NTF is an exchange format that permits the transfer of vector data with five different levels of complexity. NTF is the format used by the British Ordinance Survey
- [null value](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/null-value/) - The absence of a value. If a particular column of a row in a table is null, that means there is no value stored. Null is not the same as blank or zero.
- [OCR](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/ocr/) - Optical Character Recognition is the automatic recognition and interpretation of text.
- [ODBC, Open Database Communication](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/odbc-open-database-communication/) - Open Database Communication. A standard API (application program interface) used to communicate with database management systems, developed by Microsoft, and incorporated in ArcView Version 2. ArcView supports ODBC for DBMSs on the Microsoft Windows platform.
- [OGC,  Open GIS Consortium](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/ogc-open-gis-consortium/) - The Open GIS Consortium, a group composed of software vendors, academics, government agencies, consultants and software integrators, dedicated to open systems geoprocessing. Their first project is to develop an open geodata interoperability specification (OGIS).
- [OGIS](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/ogis/) - The Open Geodata Interoperability Specification being developed by OGC to support interoperability of GIS systems in a heterogeneous computing environment.
- [OLE, Object Linking and Embedding](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/ole-object-linking-and-embedding/) - Object Linking and Embedding developed by Microsoft. Allows objects from one application to be embedded within another (e.g., taking an Excel spreadsheet and putting it into a Word document).
- [OMG, Object Management Group](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/omg-object-management-group/) - The Object Management Group is a computing industry collaboration to promote object-oriented interoperability among heterogeneous computing environments. They continue to develop specifications which address the many aspects of this problem, the most popular of which is the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA).
- [map-to-page transformation](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/map-to-page-transformation/) - The process of positioning and scaling a map on a graphic page. It controls how coverage coordinates are transformed into graphics on the display screen or plotter page. (Coverages are not maps; they contain the unscaled coordinates that ArcInfo uses to draw maps.)
- [map units](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/map-units/) - The coordinate units in which a geographic data set . Map units can be inches, centimeters, feet, meters, decimal degrees and so on.
- [marker symbol](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/marker-symbol/) - A symbol used to represent a point location
- [mass point](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/mass-point/) - Irregularly distributed sample points, each with an x,y location and a z value, which are used as the basic elements to build a tin. Each mass point has important, yet equal, significance in terms defining the tin surface. Ideally, the location of each mass point is intelligently chosen to capture important variations in the surface's
- [minimum mapping units](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/minimum-mapping-units/) - For a given map scale, the size or dimension below which a long narrow feature is represented as a line and a small area as a point. For example, streams and rivers will be represented as lines if their width is less than .10 inch, and polygons smaller than .125 inch on a side will
- [MSS](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/mss/) - An instrument on some satellites used for imaging the earth. An MSS image will have data recorded by the scanner from three or more bands of the electromagnetic spectrum.
- [NAT](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/nat/) - Arc attribute table. A table containing attributes for node coverage features. For each node, the NAT contains a reference to one of the arcs it connects to, an internal node sequence number and node feature identifier.
- [native mode usage](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/native-mode-usage/) - A statement syntax entered in ArcInfo in the language of an external system. Inclusion of an SQL WHERE clause in an ArcInfo native mode SQL selection operation, or the declaration of a DBMSCURSOR are examples of native mode SQL usage.
- [NBS](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/nbs/) - National Bureau of Standards, now known as NIST
- [neatline](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/neatline/) - A border line commonly drawn around the extent of a map.
- [model,modeling](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/modelmodeling/) - A representation of reality used to simulate a process, understand a situation, predict an outcome, or analyze a problem. A model is structured as a set of rules and procedures, including spatial modeling tools available in a geographic information system (GIS).
- [moment](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/moment/) - The moment is the time when all the tasks associated with a transaction have completed. A feature's creation, deletion or update date is set to the transaction's moment.
- [morphology](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/morphology/) - The form and structure of a surface. In tins, the morphology of a surface is defined by the sample points and breakline features used to build the tin. Breaklines, when properly located at locations of significant change in surface behavior, play a major role in defining surface morphology. In lattices, the morphology of a surface
- [Mosaic](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/mosaic/) - Software used to access resources on the Internet. The Mosaic project has been conducted by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) in Illinois to provide a single front-end or user interface to many information services. The goal is to present the query to, and results from, each of these different information resources in a
- [mouse](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/mouse/) - A hand-controlled hardware device for interacting with a computer terminal or entering data from a digitizer. A mouse is used to make selections and position the cursor to fields in computer forms when interacting with graphical user interfaces. A digitizer mouse is used to trace features and enter x,y coordinates of features.
- [network coverage](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/network-coverage/) - In ArcInfo, a line coverage on which network tools such as PATH and ALLOCATE can operate
- [network element](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/network-element/) - The components of a network in ArcInfo, including network links and network nodes, of which there are three types: stops, centers, and turns
- [network link](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/network-link/) - Network links are interconnected linear entities which represent the conduits for transportation (e.g., vehicles, fluids, electricity) and communication networks, for example, highways and electrical transmission lines.
- [network node](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/network-node/) - Network nodes are the endpoints and connecting points of network links, for example, intersections and interchanges of a road network, the confluence of streams in a hydrologic network, or switches in a power grid.
- [line symbol](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/line-symbol/) - A symbol for drawing coverage arcs.
- [linear event](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/linear-event/)
- [linear feature](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/linear-feature/) - A geographic feature that can be represented by a line or set of lines. For example, rivers, roads within a pizza delivery area, and electric and telecommunication networks are all linear features. Linear features are represented in ArcInfo by arcs or by the route-system feature class.
- [link](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/link/) - A coverage feature class; links are two-point segments that represent from- and to-locations for the rubber sheeting adjustment process.
- [literal](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/literal/) - A string, a number, or a date which directly represents a constant value. 'XYZ123', '1234' and '6/10/57' are examples of a string literal, a numeric literal and a date literal, respectively
- [log file](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/log-file/) - A coverage or workspace history file containing a list of all commands used to operate on a coverage or all commands used in the workspace.
- [logical connector](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/logical-connector/) - One of the reserved words AND, OR and XOR used to build complex logical expressions in a query.
- [logical expression](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/logical-expression/) - A combination of items, system items, system variables, literals and arithmetic logical operators from which a value of TRUE or FALSE is derived; for example, $RECNO LE $NUM1HRS-WRKD * HRLY-WAGE GE 600 AND $MONTH EQ 5$NUM1 LE 100
- [logical selection](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/logical-selection/) - The process of selecting a subset of features from a coverage using logical expression that operates on the attributes of coverage features (e.g., AREA GT 16000). Only those features whose attributes meet the criteria are selected. Also known as feature selection by attribute.
- [long transaction](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/long-transaction/) - Long transactions support applications where changes to a database might span several days, weeks or months and may involve several sessions. Many planning and design activities, such as subdivision development, require long transactions.
- [lookup table](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/lookup-table/) - 1. A special tabular data file containing additional attributes for features stored in an associated feature attribute table. The table can be an external attribute table or an INFO table that describes coverage features. 2. A special lookup table in which numeric item values are classified into categories. For example, well depth can be recorded
- [macro](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/macro/) - A text file containing a sequence of commands that can be executed as one command. Macros can be built to perform frequently used, as well as complex, operations. The ARC Macro Language (AML) is used to create macros for ArcInfo.
- [many-to-one relate](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/many-to-one-relate/) - A relate in which many records in one table are related to a single record in another table.
- [map extent](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/map-extent/) - 1. The rectangular limits (xmin,ymin and xmax,ymax) of the area of the Earth's surface displayed using ArcInfo. Map extent is specified in the coordinate system of the coverage or other geographic data set used. Typically, the extent of the geographic database (or a portion of it defined by a zoomed-in view) defines the map extent
- [map library](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/map-library/) - An organized, uniformly defined collection of spatial data partitioned by layers and tiles into component parts called map sections. A map library organizes geographic data spatially as a set of tiles and thematically as a set of layers. The data in a map library are indexed by location for optimal spatial access. A map library
- [map limits](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/map-limits/) - The rectangular area on the graphics page in which geographic features are displayed. All geographic data are drawn within the map limits, and none outside the map limits. Map titles and legends can be drawn outside the map limits.
- [coordinate system](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/coordinate-system/)
- [spatial query](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/spatial-query/) - Spatial query is the process of selecting features based on location or spatial relationship (e.g., select all features within 300 feet of another; point at a set of features to select them).
- [Logical query](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/logical-query/) - Logical query is the process of selecting features whose attributes meet specific logical criteria (e.g., select all polygons whose value for AREA is greater than 10,000 or select all streets whose name is 'Main St.'). Once selected, additional operations can be performed, such as drawing them, listing their attributes or summarizing attribute values.
- [map section](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/map-section/) - The unit of data storage in a map library. A map section is the data for one layer in one tile of a map library. Map sections are implemented as ArcInfo coverages.
- [ISO 9000](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/iso-9000/) - Established in 1987, ISO 9000 is an international set of five related standards for qualification of global quality assurance and quality control standards. Adherence is accomplished through an application process for ISO 9000 certification in company standards for inspecting production processes, updating records, maintaining equipment, training employees and handling customer relations. The governing international consortium
- [ISO 9660](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/iso-9660/) - Volume and file structure of CD-ROM for Information Interchange. A standard for the organization of data on CD-ROM media established by the International Standards Organization.
- [isoline](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/isoline/) - A line on a surface connecting points of equal value.
- [item](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/item/) - A column of information in an attribute table, for example, a single attribute of a record in an INFO data file.
- [item indexing](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/item-indexing/) - A means of accelerating logical queries and tabular 'relates' by creating an index on an item in a database table.
- [ITUM](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/itum/) - Integrated Terrain Unit Mapping is an example of integrated data management. It is the process of adjusting terrain unit boundaries so that there is increased coincidence between the boundaries and occurrences of interdependent terrain variables such as hydrography, geology, physiography, soils and vegetation units
- [label point](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/label-point/) - Label point represents point features. The x,y location of the label point describes the location of the feature. When identifying polygons, the label point can be located anywhere within the polygon. Attributes for points are stored in a PAT
- [LAN, Local area network](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/lan-local-area-network/) - Local area network. Computer data communications technology that connects computers at the same site. Computers and terminals on a LAN can freely share data and peripheral devices, such as printers and plotters. LANs are composed of cabling and special data communications hardware and software.
- [Landsat](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/landsat/) - A series of satellites that produce images of the earth. The Landsat remote sensing satellite program was developed by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Landsat data are provided in .BIL (band interleaved by line) or .BIP (band interleaved by pixel) formats. BIL and BIP are supported by ArcInfo and ArcView.
- [lattice](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/lattice/) - A surface representation that uses a rectangular array of mesh points spaced at a constant sampling interval in the x and y directions relative to a common origin. A lattice is stored as a grid, but represents the value of the surface only at the mesh points rather than the value of the entire cell.
- [layer](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/layer/) - Layers organize a database or map library by subject matter (e.g., soils, roads, and wells). Conceptually, layers in a database or map library environment are exactly like coverages.
- [layer index](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/layer-index/)
- [least-cost path](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/least-cost-path/) - The path, among possibly many, between two points which has the lowest traversal cost, where cost is a function of time, distance, or other user-defined factors.
- [left-right topology](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/left-right-topology/) - We use the topological data structure to represent contiguity between polygons. Left-right supports analysis functions such as adjacency.
- [legend](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/legend/) - 1. The reference area on a map that lists and explains the colors, symbols, line patterns, shadings, and annotation used on the map. The legend often includes the scale, origin, orientation, and other map information. 2. The symbol key used to interpret a map.
- [LIBRARIAN](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/librarian/) - A set of software tools to manage and access large geographic data sets in a map library. LIBRARIAN commands create and define a map library, move data in and out of a library, query the data in a map library, and display the results of a query.
- [library](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/library/) - A collection of spatially related ArcStorm or LIBRARIAN layers. A library has a spatial extent which applies to all layers in the library.
- [mesh point](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/mesh-point/) - One sample point in the array of sample points in a lattice. Each mesh point is located at a constant sampling interval in the x and y directions relative to a common origin, and contains the z value for the surface at that location. Mesh points outside the surface, or which represent holes in the
- [minimum bounding rectangle](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/minimum-bounding-rectangle/) - A rectangle, oriented to the x and y axes, which bounds a geographic feature or a geographic data set. It is specified by two coordinates: xmin,ymin and xmax,ymax. For example, the BND defines a minimum bounding rectangle for a coverage.
- [line-in-polygon](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/line-in-polygon/) - A spatial operation in which arcs in one coverage are overlaid with polygons of another coverage to determine which arcs, or portions of arcs, are contained within the polygons. Polygon attributes are associated with corresponding arcs in the resulting line coverage.
- [IGES](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/iges/) - Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) is a common data format used for transfer of CAD data. IGES files can be converted to and from ArcInfo coverages.
- [image catalog](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/image-catalog/) - An organized set of spatially referenced, possibly overlapping, images that can be accessed as one logical image. An image catalog is a group of images on disk, each referenced by a record in an INFO data file. At a minimum, items in the data file include the image pathname and the bounding coordinates xmin,ymin and
- [image integrator](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/image-integrator/) - A collection of image management and display tools in ArcInfo that allows vector and raster data to be displayed concurrently. Image integrator commands georeference images to real-world coordinates, display images, and manage image catalogs.
- [impedance](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/impedance/) - The amount of resistance (or cost) required to traverse a line from its origin node to its destination node or to make a turn (i.e., move from one arc through a node onto another arc). Resistance may be a measure of travel distance, time, speed of travel times the length, and so on. Higher impedance
- [index](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/index/) - Special data structure used in a database to speed searching for records in tables or spatial features in geographic data sets.
- [index coverage](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/index-coverage/) - The polygon coverage that describes, and is used as a spatial index for, the tile structure of a layer. Each polygon in an index coverage corresponds to a tile.
- [INFO](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/info/) - A tabular DBMS used by ArcInfo to store and manipulate feature attribute tables and other related tables.
- [INFO database](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/info-database/) - The contents of a set of INFO data files, feature attribute tables, and related files stored in each ArcInfo workspace under a subdirectory named INFO. This subdirectory contains all feature attribute tables for the set of coverages contained in the workspace.
- [INFORMIX](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/informix/) - A relational database management system to which ArcInfo has access through the DATABASE INTEGRATOR.
- [INGRES](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/ingres/) - A relational database management system to which ArcInfo has access through the DATABASE INTEGRATOR.
- [integer](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/integer/) - A number without a decimal (0, 1, 25, 173, 1032, etc.). Integer values can be less than, equal to, or greater than zero.
- [interaction](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/interaction/) - Interaction is a measure of the estimated number of trips that will be generated between origins and destinations for a particular activity. Interactions depend upon the properties of the origin to generate a trip, the property of the destination to attract a trip and the cost of traveling between them.
- [interaction matrix](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/interaction-matrix/) - A generated INFO file containing the number of interactions occurring between a set of origins and destinations. The interaction matrix can be analyzed to make trade-area maps.
- [inter-application communication ,(IAC)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/inter-application-communication-iac/) - A technology that enables software applications on remote or local machines to communicate with each other. IAC makes it possible to develop applications that seamlessly integrate the capabilities of a number of programs by providing a way for external applications to request services of ArcInfo and for an AML application to exploit the capabilities of
- [interface](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/interface/) - For data communication, a hardware and software link that connects two computer systems, or a computer and its peripherals.
- [interpolation](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/interpolation/) - The estimation of z values of a surface at an unsampled point based on the known z values of surrounding points.
- [intersect](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/intersect/) - The topological integration of two spatial data sets that preserves features that fall within the area common to both input data sets. See also identity and union.
- [ISDN, Integrated Services Digital Network](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/isdn-integrated-services-digital-network/) - Integrated Services Digital Network, provides WAN combined transmission of analog and digital services. ISDN is offered as a Basic Rate Service on either one or two channels for WAN services of either 64 kbps or 128 Kbps. ISDN services are available from a long-distance telephone company.
- [ISO,  International Organization for Standardization](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/iso-international-organization-for-standardization/) - The International Organization for Standardization. A worldwide federation of national standards bodies (e.g., ANSI from the U.S.) that develops international standards. A Technical Committee (ISO/TC211) is developing international Geographic Information/Geomatics standards. Among many other computing standards, ISO maintains an SQL standard and is developing an extended version, SQL3, which will support queries on geographic data
- [ISO 8211](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/iso-8211/) - The third of three parts of the SDTS that specifies data transfer implementation (i.e., encoding method). ISO 8211 is a general-purpose, media-independent interchange standard whose variable length records may be written on any medium that is able to accept them, including communications lines.
- [global coordinate system](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/global-coordinate-system/) - A method that converts the earths spherical coordinates representing latitude and longitude into an AutoCad Map drawings Cartesian coordinate system, and accounts for the curvature of the earths surface with a projection. A coordinate system is usually defined by a projection, an ellipsoid definition, a datum definition, one or more standard parallels, and a central
- [join](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/join/) - To link two or more tables in a relational database on the basis of a common item or field.You create joins using your Database Management System (DBMS)
- [simplify linear objects](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/simplify-linear-objects/) - A map cleanup function that reduces the number of vertices on a line to reduce unnecessary complexity. Typically used with digitized data. Also known as weeding or generalizing
- [source drawing](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/source-drawing/) - A drawing file attached to a project. The set of all source drawings attached to a project is called the drawing set. Use a Map query to retrieve selected objects from multiple source drawings.
- [network topology](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/network-topology/) - A description of the spatial relationship between linear geographic features (links and, sometimes, nodes). For example, a network topology can represent pipelines, streets, electrical transmission lines, and rivers.
- [node topology](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/node-topology/) - A description of the spatial relationship between geographic point features. Examples of node topologies include point sources of pollution and road signs
- [object data in AutoCad Map](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/object-data-in-autocad-map/) - Attribute data attached to an object and stored in the drawing file
- [ODBC, Open Database Connectivity](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/odbc-open-database-connectivity/) - Open Database Connectivity, a standard API (Application Programming Interface) used to communicate with Database Management System(ODBC), developed by Microsoft
- [template file(in AutoCAD Map)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/template-filein-autocad-map/) - A file that formats another file, such as a text file for saving information from queried objects
- [Thematic map](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/thematic-map/) - A map that depicts selected types of information related to one or more specific themes. Data is highlighted, classified, or emphasized using display properties and values such as color and line width. Examples are property assessment, housing quality, population density, and rainfall maps
- [thematic query(AutoCAD Map)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/thematic-queryautocad-map/) - A collection of saved settings identified by a unique name for the purpose of generating a thematic map. The thematic query specifies which spatial and attribute data to query, and how to display the thematic objects
- [topology query (AutoCAD Map)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/topology-query-autocad-map/) - An extension to a Map query that applies to a loaded topology.
- [superuser](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/superuser/) - A user who controls user Ids, passwords, and access to sensitive procedures
- [table, relation](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/table-relation/) - A set of data arranged in records (rows) and fields (columns). When a table is displayed in a grid, records display in horizontal rows and fields display in vertical columns. Each field value in the table displays in a sell. Same as data file_x000D_ A table is often called a relation. Rows stored in a
- [IAC](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/iac/) - Interapplication communication. The capability of one computer program to communicate with another program. With IAC, two (or more) programs can execute simultaneously, share data, and make requests of each other. ArcInfo Version 7 and ArcView Version 2 support IAC. IAC tools in AML (ARC Macro Language) support real-time GIS, a network GIS process server, interoperability,
- [identity](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/identity/) - The topological overlay of a coverage (input) with a polygon coverage (identity). For each feature in the input coverage, the intersection with identity features is determined, creating new features of the same feature class as the input coverage. For example, a road (input coverage, arc feature class) passing through two counties (identity coverage) would be
- [identity link](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/identity-link/) - A coverage link whose from-location is the same as its to-location. Used to control rubber sheeting and adjustment operations. Identity links act as nails to hold down the point location during adjustment.
- [IEEE](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/ieee/) - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE Standard 1003.1-1990 (aka POSIX.1) defines C program interfaces for the operating system that enable source code portability beyond the ANSI C definition (see POSIX). ArcInfo and ArcView are fully compatible with network protocols that support IEEE 802.5, FDDI and X.25 transport standards.
- [IGDS](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/igds/) - Interactive Graphics Design Software. Intergraph IGDS file formats can be converted to and from ArcInfo coverages.
- [Polygon topology](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/polygon-topology/) - A description of the spatial relationship between geographic area features. Polygon topologies contain geometric links, nodes, and centroids. Examples of polygon topologies are land use and land cover maps, political boundaries, parcels, and soil types
- [project (Of AutoCad Map)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/project-of-autocad-map/) - A drawing file that includes links to a set of source drawings and other associated data such as saved queries, databases, and link templates. You can resize this window and place it where you want.
- [Project Workspace](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/project-workspace/) - AutoCAD Map window that displays files and definitions available in a project, such as attached source drawings, databases, queries, and link templates. You can resize this window and place it where you want
- [property alteration definition](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/property-alteration-definition/) - The definition of properties you want to change during a query
- [SDF, Spatial Data File](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/sdf-spatial-data-file/) - The proprietary Autodesk MapGuide file format that contains the spatial data (such as roads, cities, and countries) used in maps. When you view a map in Autodesk MapGuide Author or the Autodesk MapGuide Viewer, requests are sent to Autodesk MapGuide Server, which reads the SDF and sends the correct map data back to the client
- [schema](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/schema/) - For some SQL database systems, a schema contains the actual database tables. Each schema includes tables related to a particular subject or purpose.
- [environment in AutoCad Map](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/environment-in-autocad-map/) - An SQL environment contains the Database Management System (DBMS), the databases it can access, and the users and programs that can access those databases
- [extents](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/extents/) - The smallest rectangle that contains all objects in a map, that is, the outermost boundaries of the map
- [external data](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/external-data/) - Attribute data linked to a drawing object but contained in a database apart from the drawing file
- [field data type](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/field-data-type/) - The format of data stored in the field, such as a character or numeric
- [pseudo node](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/pseudo-node/) - An unnecessary node in a geometric link. A pseudo node can be used to store information about geographic point location or to represent change from one link to another
- [Registration](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/registration/) - The preparation of a map for digitizing by calibrating a digitizing table to convert an analog source to a digital file
- [spatial analysis](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/spatial-analysis/) - The process of understanding, extracting, or creating information about a set of geographic features. Spatial analysis includes techniques used to determine the distribution of a features, over a network or area, and the relationships between those features. The location of, proximity to, and orientation of objects can be analyzed with spatial analysis. It is useful
- [spatial filter(in AutoCAD Map)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/spatial-filterin-autocad-map/) - A selection of objects in the drawing that specify which records to desplay in the active table or query. When a spatial filter is active, the Data View displayes only those records linked to selected objects
- [spherical coordinate system](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/spherical-coordinate-system/) - A coordinate system measured on the surface of a sphere and expressed as angular distances
- [SQL filter(in AutoCAD Map)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/sql-filterin-autocad-map/) - A series of SQL expressions that specify which records to select in the active table or query. When an SQL filter is active, the Data View displays only those records that match the filter criteria
- [field value](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/field-value/) - The value of a specific field for a specific record
- [filtered record](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/filtered-record/) - A record that matches the conditions of an SQL filter or spacial filter and is therefore available for selection
- [geographic analysis](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/geographic-analysis/) - Analytical techniques that identify existing conditions of a geographic location, a spatial area, or a linear network, as well as predict the effects of certain future events on these features
- [Evaluation](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/evaluation/) - In Decision theory, evaluation is the process of applying a decision rule to a set of alternatives.
- [hardware](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/hardware/) - The physical components of a computer system-the computer, plotters, printers, terminals, digitizers, and so on.
- [heuristic](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/heuristic/) - A computational method that uses trial and error methods to approximate a solution for computationally difficult problems.
- [historical view](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/historical-view/) - In ArcStorm, a snapshot of the state of a given data source at a given time. In an historical view, the database is not modified, and no data is created locally, it is simply a 'read-only' view of the past.
- [history](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/history/) - A mechanism in ArcStorm to enable the tracking of changes made to a data source. This enables the creation of historical views and supports 'rolling back' the data to a previous period in time.
- [hub](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/hub/) - A transportation hub is a node in a network that can be used to channel goods from origins to destinations. Hubs are used at strategic locations in a network to reduce transportation costs.
- [ESRI](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/esri/) - Environmental Systems Research Institute
- [Boolean operator,Boolean operators](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/boolean-operatorboolean-operators/) - A Boolean operator is a keyword that specifies how to combine simple logical expressions into complex expressions._x000D_ The logical operators used to join conditions in a query or expression, named for the logic algebra devised by nineteenth-century mathematician George Boole.
- [Block attribute](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/block-attribute/) - In AutoCad: text associated with a block object
- [generalization in ArcInfo](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/generalization-in-arcinfo/) - In general, reducing the number of points used to represent a line. In ArcInfo, the process of removing vertices from arcs according to a specified tolerance.
- [database driver](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/database-driver/) - The communication link between AutoCad Map and a Database Management System
- [display information](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/display-information/) - A description of the appearance of a drawing object: includes color, hatch pattern, line type, and so on
- [drawing set](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/drawing-set/) - The set of drawings attached to a project
- [Cartographic coordinate system](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/cartographic-coordinate-system/) - A coordinate system that is referenced directly to an ellipsoid
- [functional surface](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/functional-surface/) - A surface representation which stores a single z value (as opposed to multiple z values) for any given x,y location. TIN represents data as functional surfaces. Functional surfaces are also referred to as 2.5-dimensional surfaces.
- [fuzzy tolerance](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/fuzzy-tolerance/) - The fuzzy tolerance is an extremely small distance used to resolve inexact intersection locations due to limited arithmetic precision of computers. It defines the resolution of a coverage resulting from the CLEAN operation or a topological overlay operation such as UNION, INTERSECT, or CLIP.
- [gazetteer](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/gazetteer/) - A work of geographic reference that supplies place name and location information. When a place name is known, a gazetteer can provide the coordinates of the place. Most atlases contain gazetteers. Well-known digital gazetteers are the USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) and the gazetteer in the Digital Chart of the World (DCW). In ArcInfo
- [GBF/DIME](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/gbf-dime/) - For the 1980 census, the U.S. Census Bureau produced Geographic Base Files (GBF) and Dual Independent Map Encoding (DIME) files, containing census geographic statistical codes and coordinates of line segments for most metropolitan areas. DIME files provide a schematic map of a city's streets, address ranges, and geostatistical codes relating to the Census Bureau's tabular
- [generalization](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/generalization/) - Any process whereby data are reduced to a more general form. With map data, generalization may be undertaken either for reasons of information processing or for accommodation to scale reduction. Generalization often takes place by data omission or thinning.
- [geographic data](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/geographic-data/) - The locations and descriptions of geographic features. The composite of spatial data and descriptive data.
- [geographic database](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/geographic-database/) - A collection of spatial data and related descriptive data organized for efficient storage and retrieval by many users.
- [geographic data set](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/geographic-data-set/) - One of seven geographic data types supported by ArcInfo. Geographic data sets in ArcInfo include coverages, grids, DBMS tables, tins, images, lattices, and CAD drawings.
- [geographic feature](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/geographic-feature/) - A user-defined geographic phenomenon that can be modeled or represented using geographic data sets in ArcInfo. Examples of geographic features include streets, sewer lines, manhole covers, accidents, lot lines, and parcels.
- [geometry](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/geometry/) - Geometry deals with the measures and properties of points, lines and surfaces
- [georeference](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/georeference/) - To establish the relationship between page coordinates on a planar map and known real-world coordinates.
- [georelational model](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/georelational-model/) - A geographic data model that represents geographic features as an interrelated set of spatial and descriptive data. The georelational model is the fundamental data model used in ArcInfo.
- [GIRAS](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/giras/) - Geographic Information Retrieval and Analysis data files from the U.S. Geological Survey. GIRAS files contain land use/land cover information for areas in the United States, including attributes for land use, land cover, political units, hydrologic units, census and county subdivisions, federal landownership and state landownership. These data sets are available to the public in both
- [GOSIP](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/gosip/) - Government Open System Interconnection Protocols are U.S. government procurement specifications for OSI protocols (see OSI). The government has mandated that all federal agencies standardize on the OSI model and implement OSI-based systems for GOSIP. Most vendors (Sun, IBM, HP, DEC, etc.) have either complied or are working toward compliance.
- [grain tolerance](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/grain-tolerance/) - A parameter controlling the number of vertices and the distance between them on arcs representing curves. The smaller the grain tolerance, the closer vertices can be. Unlike densify tolerance, grain tolerance can affect the shape of curves.
- [graphical user interface, (GUI)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/graphical-user-interface-gui/) - A graphical method of controlling how a user interacts with a computer to perform various tasks. Instead of issuing commands at a prompt, the user performs desired tasks by using a mouse to choose from 'a dashboard' of options presented on the display screen. These are in the form of pictorial buttons (icons) and lists.
- [graphics display terminal](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/graphics-display-terminal/) - A computer terminal used to view and manipulate graphic information. It can also be used for graphic selection (e.g., identifying a feature on the display), digitizing and editing.
- [graphics page](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/graphics-page/) - That area on the graphics display device reserved for map display, or simulating the plotter page area. Page units are typically in centimeters or inches instead of real-world coordinates such as meters or feet. Maps are composed on the graphics page.
- [GRASS](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/grass/) - Geographical Resource Analysis Support System. A public-domain raster GIS modeling product of the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers' Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (USACERL).
- [grid cell](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/grid-cell/) - A discretely uniform unit that represents a portion of the Earth, such as a square meter or square mile. Each grid cell has a value that corresponds to the feature or characteristic at that site, such as a soil type, census tract, or vegetation class. Additional values of the cell can be stored in a
- [event source](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/event-source/) - This is a name assigned by the user to reference a DBMS table containing event data for use with the dynamic segmentation commands. This is similar to the relate name.
- [extended character set](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/extended-character-set/) - Extended character sets support languages which require 8-bit characters or double-byte characters, such as Chinese and French. Compare with POSIX character set
- [feature attribute table](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/feature-attribute-table/) - A table used to store attribute information for a specific coverage feature class. ArcInfo maintains the first several items of these tables. Feature attribute tables supported for coverages include: .PAT for polygons or points.AAT for arcs.NAT for nodes.RAT for routes.SEC for sections.PAT for regions.TAT for annotation (text)where is the coverage name.
- [external file](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/external-file/) - However, database information can be stored in files outside of the database. These files are referred to as external files
- [gravity model](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/gravity-model/) - A methodology used in the geography, engineering and social sciences to model the behavior of populations. The underlying assumption of the gravity model is that the influence of populations on one another is inversely proportional to the distance between them. This approach is analogous to the view of gravitational attraction from Newtonian physics.
- [external polygon, universe polygon](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/external-polygon-universe-polygon/)
- [FDDI](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/fddi/) - Fiber Distributed Data Interface is a media access (transmission) control-level protocol with token-ring architecture, a communication bandwidth of 100 Mbps and supported on a fiber network medium. To provide required ArcInfo communications, the workstation network communications software must include TCP/IP and NFS communication protocols, which the UNIX operating system provides. Packaging of TCP/IP communications for
- [feature class](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/feature-class/) - 1. A classification describing the format of geographic features and supporting data in a coverage. Coverage feature classes for representing geographic features include point, arc, node, route-system, route, section, polygon and region. One or more coverage features are used to model geographic features; for example, arcs and nodes can be used to model linear features
- [Feature-ID](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/feature-id/) - Synonymous term for Cover-ID and User-ID.
- [FGCC](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/fgcc/) - Federal Geodetic Control Committee: a standards committee concerned with accuracy levels in geodetic control. Within the United States, coordinate control is based on the National Geodetic Survey's published control points and is a basis for collecting data. Data collected using these basic coordinate points can be read by ArcInfo.
- [FGDC](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/fgdc/) - The United States Federal Geographic Data Committee. Composed of representatives of several federal agencies and GIS vendors, the FGDC has the lead role in defining spatial metadata standards, which it describes in the Content Standards for Spatial Metadata (see CSSM, DGM, and SDTS
- [field data collector](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/field-data-collector/) - An electronic device that collects and stores observation information from survey instruments. Two types of devices are available: one records x,y,z coordinates using a satellite-based global positioning system (GPS), and the other device records distance and bearing ArcInfo GENERATE is often used to convert GPS coordinates while ArcInfo COGO has a FIELDDATA conversion program.
- [file](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/file/) - A related set of data records, that a computer can access by a unique name (e.g., a text file, a data file, a DLG file) and stores them on a computer disk or tape. Files are the logical units managed on disk by the computer's operating system. Files may be stored on tapes or disks.
- [file transfer](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/file-transfer/) - The process of copying data from one computer to another or one DBMS to another.
- [FIPS](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/fips-2/) - The Federal Information Processing Standards. FIPS deals with a wide range of computer system components including the components of most GISs: hardware, storage media, data files, codes, interfaces, data transmission, networking, data management, documentation, programming languages, software engineering, performance, security, and so forth. FIPS 173 is the precursor to the SDTS (Spatial Data Transfer Standard),
- [font](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/font/) - A logical set of related patterns representing text characters or point symbols. Courier, Helvetica and Times are three types of font
- [foreign key](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/foreign-key/) - One or more table attributes that can uniquely identify a record in another table. A foreign key is the primary key of another table. Foreign key-primary key relationships define a relational join. See also relate
- [format](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/format/) - The pattern into which data are systematically arranged for use on a computer. A file format is the specific design of how information is organized in the file. For example, ArcInfo has specific, proprietary formats used to store coverages. DLG, DEM, and TIGER are geographic data sets with different file formats.
- [forms interface](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/forms-interface/) - A graphic user interface characterized by user-controlled movement of a cursor from one data field to another. Contrast to command line interface
- [from-node](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/from-node/) - Of an arc's two endpoints, the one first digitized.
- [downstream](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/downstream/) - In tracing, downstream is the direction along the arcs that is the same as the direction of flow. Direction of flow is determined by a user-defined convention. See also directed network
- [drape](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/drape/) - A perspective or panoramic rendering of two-dimensional features superimposed on a surface.
- [dynamic segmentation](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dynamic-segmentation/) - The process of computing the locations of events on linear features at run time based on event tables for which distance measures are available. Route-system features and event-handling commands provide the dynamic segmentation capability within ArcInfo.
- [Dialog Box](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dialog-box/) - In the Windows environment, dialog boxes are those interactive areas in which you enter information for the procedure you would like to perform
- [dithering](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dithering/) - A method of approximating a color that is not directly available to display device by using available colors in a repeating pattern of adjacent pixels or dots. There is a trade-off between an increase in choice of colors and a decrease in spayial resolution of the output when dithering is used
- [halftone](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/halftone/) - A technique for producing apparent shades of a color when only solid color can be printed. By printing small dots of ink within a region, the balance between the amount of ink and the amount of white paper in that region will yield variable perceptions of intermediate tones.
- [entity](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/entity/) - A collection of objects (persons, places, things) described by the same attributes. Entities are identified during the conceptual design phase of database and application design.
- [entity relationship diagram](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/entity-relationship-diagram/) - A graphical representation of the entities and the relationships between them. Entity relationship diagrams are a useful medium to achieve a common understanding of data among users and application developers.
- [environment](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/environment/) - A set of parameters defining various display, editing, and data manipulation conditions that remain active during a session until explicitly changed by the user. For example, the drawing environment in ARCEDIT might be 'arcs on, labels off, annotation.streets on'
- [EOS](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/eos/) - The Earth Observation Satellite. An effort to study the earth as a system while tracking long-term changes on a global scale. EOS, a mission of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), will produce petabytes (1,000 terabytes) of satellite image data and also large-scale data sets (terabytes [1,000 gigabytes] a day) to be manipulated and
- [equation item](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/equation-item/) - An arithmetic expression used in place of an item name in an ArcInfo command. For example, to list feature areas, a user could specify LIST AREA; to list areas in acres instead of square feet, a user could specify LIST AREA / 43560.
- [event, point event, line event, continuous event](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/event-point-event-line-event-continuous-event/) - A geographic feature occurring on or along a linear feature. There are three event types: linear, continuous, and point. For example, a left lane closure on route I-10 from the 1.5 to 2.1 mileposts is a linear event. A continuous event is a linear event where the start position of a segment is the same
- [DGM](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dgm/) - Digital Geospatial Metadata. DGM was approved in June 1994 by the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC). DGM describes the specifications for the content, quality, condition, and other characteristics of metadata (data about data). The standard provides a common set of terminology and definitions for the documentation of geospatial data. DGM establishes the names of data
- [DIGEST](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/digest/) - The Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard is produced under authority of NATO's Digital Geographic Information Working Group. DIGEST is a standard for digital geographic information which will enable interoperability and compatibility among national and multinational systems and users. DIGEST is composed of standards for two digital geographic formats: ARC Standard Raster Graphic (ASRG) and vector
- [digitize](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/digitize/) - 1. To encode geographic features in digital form as x,y coordinates._x000D_ 2. The process of using a digitizer to encode the locations of geographic features by converting their map positions to a series of x,y coordinates stored in computer files. Pushing a digitizer button records an x,y coordinate. A digitized line is created by recording
- [directed network](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/directed-network/) - A network in which each arc has an associated direction of flow. Direction of flow can be determined by arc direction (e.g., each arc is digitized so that it is oriented downstream), a value in an item in the AAT, or through the use of a selection file.
- [directory](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/directory/) - A computer term identifying a location on a disk containing a set of data files and other directories (subdirectories). Operating systems use directories to organize data. The location of a directory is specified with a pathname
- [disk](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/disk/) - A storage medium consisting of a spinning disk coated with a magnetic material for recording digital information.
- [diskette](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/diskette/) - An inexpensive, low-capacity storage medium, usually measuring 3.5 inches in diameter, often referred to as a floppy disk.
- [dissolve](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dissolve/) - The process of removing boundaries between adjacent polygons that have the same values for a specified attribute.
- [distance-decay function](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/distance-decay-function/) - In spatial interaction, the mathematical representation of the effect of distance on the accessibility and number of interactions between locations. It can be either a power or an exponential function.
- [edge matching](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/edge-matching/) - An editing procedure to ensure that all features that cross adjacent map sheets have the same edge locations. This map cleanup function allows for distortion between adjacent maps, and produces a true match of objects at the edges of maps._x000D_ Links are used when matching features in adjacent coverages.
- [edit](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/edit/) - To correct errors within, or modify, a computer file, a geographic data set, or a tabular file containing attribute data.
- [embedded SQL](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/embedded-sql/) - SQL statements that are embedded in a host language program.
- [concatenate](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/concatenate/) - Concatenate means to join together (to form a mosaic of) two or more images into a single image, usually by placing the images next to each other.
- [constraint](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/constraint/) - In reference to the Decision Support modules in IDRISI for Windows, a constraint is one of the two types of criteria on which a decision is based (the other type being a factor). A constraint serves to limit the alternatives under consideration.
- [DLG](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dlg/) - 1. Digital Line Graph files from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), including data from the base map categories such as transportation, hydrography,hypsography, roads contours, public land survey boundaries and other features. The USGS distributes digital data for that branchs in vector form in a standart format they call a Digital Line Graph 2. The digital
- [DML](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dml/) - Data manipulation language. SQL statements that can be used either interactively or within programming language source code to access and retrieve data stored in a database management system.
- [domain](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/domain/) - In a database, the set of allowed values for a table column, for example all positive integers.
- [double precision](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/double-precision/) - Refers to a high level of coordinate accuracy based on the possible number of significant digits that can be stored for each coordinate. ArcInfo data sets can be stored in either single- or double-precision coordinates. Double-precision coverages store up to 15 significant digits per coordinate (typically, 13 to 14 significant digits), retaining the accuracy of
- [BND](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/bnd/) - The file in a coverage or grid which contains the COV_EXT
- [Boolean expression](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/boolean-expression/) - 1. A type of expression that reduces to a true or false (logical) condition. A Boolean expression contains logical expressions (e.g., Area < 50) and Boolean operators.
- [continuous data](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/continuous-data/) - Data that can fall anywhere in a broad range. For thematic maps, continuous data is usuallyborganized into smaller ranges that show data trends. _x000D_ A surface for which each location has a specified or derivable value. Typically represented by a tin or lattice (e.g., surface elevation).
- [border arcs](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/border-arcs/) - 1. The arcs that create the outer edge boundary of a polygon coverage. 2. In LIBRARIAN, the tile boundary arcs that split a polygon coverage into tiles
- [clip](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/clip/) - The spatial extraction of those features from one coverage that reside entirely within a boundary defined by features in another coverage (called the clip coverage)-clipping works much like a cookie cutter.
- [buffer](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/buffer/) - A zone of a specified distance around coverage features. Both constant- and variable-width buffers can be generated for a set of coverage features based on each feature's attribute values. The resulting buffer zones form polygons-areas that are either inside or outside the specified buffer distance from each feature. Buffers are useful for proximity analysis (e.g.,
- [bug](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/bug/) - An error in a computer program or in a piece of electronics that causes it to malfunction.
- [CAD,CAD drawing](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/cadcad-drawing/) - Computer-aided design. An automated system for the design, drafting, and display of graphically oriented information.
- [calibration](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/calibration/) - The process of choosing attribute values and computational parameters so that a model properly represents the real-world situation being analyzed. For example, in pathfinding and allocation, calibration generally refers to assigning or calculating appropriate values to be entered in impedance and demand items
- [capacity](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/capacity/) - The maximum resource that can be assigned (allocated) to or be serviced by a center. For example, the capacity of a school is the number of students that can be enrolled there.
- [Cartesian coordinate system, planar coordinate system](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/cartesian-coordinate-system-planar-coordinate-system/) - A two-dimensional, planar coordinate system in which x measures horizontal distance and y measures vertical distance. Each point on the plane is defined by an x,y coordinate. Relative measures of distance, area, and direction are constant throughout the Cartesian coordinate plane.
- [Anisotropic Cost](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/anisotropic-cost/) - Movement in space incurs a cost, which is a function of the standard (or base) costs associated with movement, and also of frictions and forces that impede or facilitate that movement. When the cost of movement is not equal in all directions, coasts are anisotropic.
- [DDL](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/ddl/) - Data definition language. SQL statements that can be used either interactively or within programming language source code to define databases and their components.
- [demand](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/demand/) - 1. In allocation, the potential for using a portion of the supply of a resource or commodity. 2. In spatial interaction, demand is the measure of the need for a particular type of service or goods that generates a trip to a destination. For example, the demand for a gallon of milk may generate a
- [denormalization](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/denormalization/) - The process of restructuring a normalized data model to accommodate operational constraints or system limitations.
- [densify](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/densify/) - A process of adding vertices to an arc at specified distances, without altering the arc's shape.
- [descriptive data](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/descriptive-data/) - Tabular data describing the characteristics of geographic features. Can include numbers, text, images, and CAD drawings about features. ArcInfo stores descriptive data in feature attribute tables and in related tables. Also referred to as attribute data
- [File Type](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/file-type/)
- [destination](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/destination/) - In spatial interaction, the location of the end of a trip. For example, a shop or an office where a consumer or a worker is going. Destinations are represented as centers in a network coverage, as points in a point coverage, and as label points in a polygon coverage.
- [database design](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/database-design/) - The formal process of analyzing facts about the real world into a structured database model. Database design is characterized by the following phases: requirement analysis, logical design and physical design.
- [DATABASE directory](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/database-directory/) - The same as the Library Reference workspace. It is the system directory that LIBRARIAN uses to manage information about a map library. Each map library has one database directory named DATABASE.
- [data conversion](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/data-conversion/) - The translation of data from one format to another. ArcInfo supports data conversion from many geographic data formats such as DLG, TIGER, DXF, and DEM.
- [database query](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/database-query/) - There is a set of conditions for specifying the selection of records from a database in GIS software programm AutoCadMap. External database queries, also called joins and views, are created using your database software and can be run from Project Workspace. When you run a database query and view the results in the Data View,
- [discrete data](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/discrete-data/) - Data that falls into explicit categories. For thematic maps, each value is displayed differently. For example, an agricultural thematic map might show each crop in a different color._x000D_ Geographic features containing boundaries: point, line or area boundaries are discrete data
- [Purge](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/purge/) - Command in AutoCadMap GIS software. Use it to remove all unused object definitions from an open drawing
- [PAT, Point attribute table](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/pat-point-attribute-table/) - Point attribute table or polygon attribute table. A coverage can have either a point attribute table or a polygon attribute table, but not both. In addition to user-defined attributes, a PAT contains data on area and perimeter of a polygon (values are 0 for points), an internal sequence number and feature identifier. The PAT is
- [Equator](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/equator/) - The line of latitude drawn around the middle of the earth equidistant from the North and South Poles, used as the origin for latitude measurements.
- [Equidistant projections](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/equidistant-projections/) - Projections showing true distances only from the center of the projection or along a special set of lines. No flat map can be both equidistant and equal area
- [expression](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/expression/) - The statement you enter in the expression box in the Expression box in the Output Report Options
- [analysis](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/analysis/) - Analysis is the process of identifying a question or issue to be addressed, modeling the issue, investigating model results, interpreting the results, and possibly making a recommendation.
- [client/server](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/client-server/) - A software system is said to have a client/server architecture when there is a central process (server) which accepts requests from multiple user processes (clients). ArcStorm is one example of a client/server architecture within ArcInfo.
- [base map](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/base-map/) - A map containing geographic features used for locational reference. Roads, for example, are commonly found on base maps
- [base table](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/base-table/) - A table that is physically stored in the database
- [baud rate](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/baud-rate/) - A measure of the speed of data transmission between computer and other devices, measured in bits per second.
- [BLOB](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/blob/) - Binary large object. The data type of a column in an RDBMS table which can store large image or textual data as attributes.
- [Cover-ID](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/cover-id/) - An integer identifier, assigned by the user, to relate geographic features and corresponding attribute data. Cover-ID is an item found in feature attribute tables, with 'Cover' replaced by the coverage name (e.g., for a soils coverage, the Cover-ID would be SOILS-ID). Feature-ID and User-ID are synonymous terms to Cover-
- [cross-tile indexing](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/cross-tile-indexing/) - A method used to index features that cross tile boundaries. Features that cross tile boundaries are stored as one or more features in each tile instead of as a single feature.
- [CSSM](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/cssm/) - The Content Standards for Spatial Metadata. A document produced by the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) that describes spatial metadata.
- [cursor](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/cursor/) - 1. A graphic pointer used with a mouse to point to a location on a terminal screen. 2. An internal pointer to a record in a table which provides a mechanism for processing a selected set of records. The cursor is moved one by one through the set while operations such as display, query and
- [cycle](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/cycle/) - 1. In pathfinding, a cycle is a path or tour beginning and ending at the same node. 2. In tracing, a cycle is a set of arcs forming a closed polygon. Upstream and downstream directionality are undefinable in a cycle.
- [DAL](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dal/) - Data Access Language. Apple's former standard to allow applications to communicate with relational databases. DAL is middleware on a network. It is a program installed on the database server to provide a common SQL access for all database servers on a network. Apple has licensed this technology to Independence Technologies, Inc.
- [dangle length](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dangle-length/) - Minimum length allowed for dangling arcs during the CLEAN process. CLEAN removes dangling arcs that are shorter than the dangle length.
- [dangling arc](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dangling-arc/) - An arc having the same polygon on both its left and right sides and having at least one node that does not connect to any other arc. It often identifies where a polygon does not close properly (e.g., undershoot), where arcs don't connect properly, or where an arc was digitized past its intersection with another
- [dangling node](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dangling-node/) - The endpoint of a dangling arc not connected to another arc.
- [column](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/column/) - The vertical dimension of a table. A column is specific category of information in table. It has a name and a data type applied to all values in the column.
- [Row](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/row/) - A set of data in a table, also called a record.
- [command](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/command/) - A specific instruction to a computer program, issued by the user to perform a desired action.
- [command line interface](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/command-line-interface/) - A software product that allows the user to type in commands at a prompt. Contrast to forms interface
- [commit](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/commit/) - To make permanent any changes made during a database transaction.
- [concurrency management](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/concurrency-management/) - A database management process for maintaining consistency of the data while supporting simultaneous access by more than one user. A typical technique is to allow any number of users read access but to allow only one user to have write access. A second user wanting write access will have to wait until the first person
- [conditional operator](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/conditional-operator/) - A symbol or keyword specifying how to compare values. Conditional operators are used to query a database. Examples from SQL include: = (equal to) BETWEEN < (LESS THAN) LIKE > (greater than) CONTAINING
- [conflation](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/conflation/) - A set of functions and procedures that aligns the arcs of one coverage with those of another and then transfers the attributes of one to the other. Alignment precedes the transfer of attributes and is most commonly performed by rubber-sheeting operations.
- [connectivity](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/connectivity/) - The topological identification of connected arcs by recording the from- and to-node for each arc. Arcs that share a common node are connected. See also arc-node topology
- [constraints](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/constraints/) - Limits imposed on a model. For example, in an interaction model, specifying that the number of trips generated from an origin to all destinations cannot exceed the origin's production capacity.
- [contiguity](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/contiguity/) - The topological identification of adjacent polygons by recording the left and right polygons of each arc.
- [color depth](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/color-depth/) - The amount of information stored with each pixel of a raster image to define its color
- [cleanup](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/cleanup/) - The process of using Map editing tools to remove errors and unnecessary data from digitized, scanned, or imported maps before the data is used to create topology. Cleanup is also useful before creating thematic maps.
- [data dictionary](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/data-dictionary/) - A catalog of all data held in a database, or a list of items giving data names and structures. Also referred to as DD/D for data dictionary/directory. Commercial RDBMSs have online data dictionaries stored in special tables called system tables
- [data integrity](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/data-integrity/) - Maintenance of data values according to data model and data type. For example, to maintain integrity, numeric columns will not accept alphabetic data.
- [equal area](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/equal-area/) - A map projection in which every part, as well as the whole, has the same area as the corresponding part on the earth, at the same reduced scale. No flat map can be equal area and represent true shape
- [dangle](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dangle/) - A link or line, one end of which lacks a connection to another link or node.
- [data file](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/data-file/) - A set of data records (or table rows). Same as table
- [data source](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/data-source/) - In GIS software AutoCadMap we have a UDL (universal data link) file that points to a collection of data and provides information on how to access the data
- [Latitude](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/latitude/) - The first part of a spherical coordinate system used to record positions on the surface of the earth. Latitude indicates the angular distance north or south of equator.
- [Classification Uncertainty](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/classification-uncertainty/) - Classification uncertainty is output from the soft classifiers and expresses the degree of difficulty the classifier has in determining a singlebclass to a assign to a pixel. Areas of high uncertainty are clearly those that need work in refining the classification. High uncertainty occurs for two reasons. The first is because the pixel contains a
- [Color Space](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/color-space/) - A color production system can usually be described by a small number of dimensions along which variations produce the full gamut of colors possible. By analogy, these dimensions thus describe a space within which all possible colors reside. For example, color monitors use varying strengths of the additive primaries (red, green and blue) to produce
- [center](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/center/) - A discrete location that has a supply of a resource or commodity. In spatial interaction, a center is consider to have attractiveness
- [accessibility](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/accessibility/) - An aggregate measure of how reachable locations are from a given location. The ACCESSIBILITY command computes values for accessibility as a function of the distance between locations and an empirically derived distance decay parameter.
- [Geoname](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/geoname/) - A GeoName contains the information to create a Geocoding Feature Source.Through a GeoName object, a MatchSource(from a matchable theme) is associated with an EventTable containing an Event field(address) and an optional Zone field
- [access rights](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/access-rights/) - The privileges accorded a user for reading, writing, deleting, updating and executing files on a disk. Access rights are stated as 'no access', 'read only' and 'read/write'.
- [features](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/features/) - Natural and man-made objects represented by points'lines' and areas on a map
- [ACODE file](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/acode-file/) - An INFO data file storing arc attributes for coverages created from TIGER, DIME, IGDS and Etak files. ACODE stands for 'Arc CODE'. The ACODE file is related by Cover-ID to the Arc Attribute Table (AAT) of the coverage.
- [ADS](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/ads/) - 1. Arc Digitizing System. A simple digitizing and editing system used to add arcs and label points to a coverage. 2. A command at the Arc: prompt that starts an ADS session.
- [allocation](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/allocation/) - The process of assigning arcs in a network to the closest center until the maximum impedance or resource capacity of the center is reached.
- [AML](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/aml/) - ARC Macro Language. A high-level algorithmic language for generating end-user applications. Features include the ability to create on-screen menus, use and assign variables, control statement execution, and get and use map or page unit coordinates. AML includes an extensive set of commands that can be used interactively or in AML programs (macros) as well as
- [Absorption](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/absorption/) - The loss of energy at a given wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum due to use of this energy by molecules.Particulary effective absorbes of solar energy (radiation) in the atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone.
- [CASE](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/case/) - Computer-Aided Software Engineering. CASE tools are defined programming rules for applying engineering principles, methods, techniques, and concepts. These tools assist in accomplishing a definable engineering task in the software design process by automating manual activities through structured prototyping. This technique reduces customized development time, supplying consistent code sets and supporting the entire software life cycle
- [Compiler](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/compiler/) - A computer program that can translate the instructions of a high - level language, such as Pascal, into the binary instruction format of a particular computer (or operating system)
- [CGM](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/cgm/) - Computer Graphics Metafile is a graphic image exchange standard, ANSI: x3.122-1986, ISO: 8632-1986, for graphic output file format. ArcInfo, ArcView Version 2, and PC ARC/INFO support CGM.
- [character](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/character/) - 1. A letter (e.g., a, b, c, or d), digit (e.g., 1, 2, or 3), or special graphic symbol (e.g., *, |, or -) treated as a single unit of data. 2. A data type for an attribute designating that values for the attribute will be represented using characters. For example, the character data type
- [checkin](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/checkin/) - Checkin is the act of returning ArcStorm data which was previously checked out for update purposes. When modified data is checked in, all locks on the data are released.
- [checkout](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/checkout/) - Checkout is the act of taking selected data out of an ArcStorm database into a local coverage for editing purposes. When data is checked out, it is locked to prevent updates from other users. ArcStorm data cannot be modified directly, it must first be checked out
- [geodetic coordinate system](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/geodetic-coordinate-system/) - A coordinate system that is referenced directly to a datum
- [data access security](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/data-access-security/) - Measures taken to control system users' ability to view or modify data. These measures can include logical views of data and explicit access rights by group or individual users.
- [data model](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/data-model/) - 1. The result of the conceptual design process. A generalized, user-defined view of the data related to applications. 2. A formal method of describing the behavior of the real-world entities. A fully developed data model specifies entity classes, relationships between entities, integrity rules and operations on the entities. 3. ArcInfo coverages and grids use a
- [data set](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/data-set/) - A named collection of logically related data items arranged in a prescribed manner.
- [data type](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/data-type/) - The type of data that a field in a table can contain, such as text,date,Boolean, or long integer. The data type determines the type and range of values that can be entered in the field, the amount of storage space available, and the amount of space allocated in the database to store the data. You
- [DATABASE INTEGRATOR (DBI)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/database-integrator-dbi/) - ArcInfo software's link to relational database management systems (RDBMS). DBI enables ArcInfo users to access existing commercial databases and take advantage of the power and capabilities of the RDBMS.
- [database lock](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/database-lock/) - Locking is a mechanism by which database systems can prevent conflicting access to data when multiple users are making requests to the data. See also persistent lock
- [DDE](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dde/) - Dynamic Data Exchange. An IAC protocol developed by Microsoft for Windows-based applications. DDE allows one application to send messages to, and get information from, other applications in Windows. This is specific to Windows only (RPC, Remote Procedure Calls, is used in the UNIX environment). DDE is supported in ArcView Version 2 for the exchange of
- [DCW](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/dcw/) - "Digital Chart of the World." The first 1:1,000,000-scale digital basemap of the world. The DCW contains topologically based vector data digitized from the U.S. Defense Mapping Agency's Operational Navigation Charts.
- [Arc](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/arc/) - An uncrossed line segment,the ends of which are known as nodes. Arcs are bounded on each side by polygons.A simple example would be a city street.The ends of the street (where it meets other streets) are the nodes. On each side of the street we have a different city block (polygons).Because of this special relationship
- [Byte](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/byte/) - A measure of digital storage. A byte represents an 8-bit group. Digital storage is commonly measured in kilobytes (Kb), with each kilobyte equal to 1024 bytes. Thus, a computer whose memory is said to be 256 Kb actually contains (256*1024) 262,144 bytes.
- [ASCII](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/ascii/) - ASCII is an acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. The standard presents an almost universally recognized system for coding characters (letters of the alphabet,numerals,symbols,etc.). Data files that contain characters in this coding system are often called ASCII files,although they are also commonly known as "text" files.The coding system uses groups of 8 binary
- [VPF](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/vpf/) - The VPF is a standardb format, structure, and organization for large geographic databases that are based on a georelational data model. The VPF databases are the U.S. Department of Defense Military Standard. The Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) supplies VPF databases for digital vector products developed at a variety of scales. VPF has also been adopted
- [ACCESS directory](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/access-directory/) - The system directory that LIBRARIAN uses to store the files that manage access to the library. Each library has an ACCESS directory located in the library's DATABASE directory.
- [Digitizer](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/digitizer/) - A device for encoding vector graphic data (point locations) into plane (X,Y) coordinates.However,the term equally applies to various types of scan digitizers that encode raster images
- [Binary](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/binary/) - A data file format in which numbers are stored in their binary representation. Binary files are more efficient than ASCII files for storing numeric data
- [coverage extent](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/coverage-extent/) - The coordinates defining the minimum bounding rectangle (i.e., xmin,ymin and xmax,ymax) of a coverage or grid. All coordinates for the coverage or grid fall within this boundary. In ARCPLOT and ARCEDIT, map extent is often set from the coverage extent.
- [coverage units](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/coverage-units/) - The units (e.g., feet, meters, inches) of the coordinate system in which a coverage is stored.
- [IMS](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/ims/)
- [Cadastral mapping](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/cadastral-mapping/)
- [Datums](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/datums/) - A datum is a set of parameters defining a coordinate system and a set of control points whose geometric relationships are known either through measurements or calculation (Dewhurst,1990). All datums are based on a spheroid, which approximates the shape of the earth. Each datum includes both an ellipsoid, which specifies the size and shape of
- [Cartographic Display System](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/cartographic-display-system/) - A cartographic display system allows for the production of map products from information stored in a spatial and attribute database.
- [Address matching](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/address-matching/) - A mechanism for relating two files using address as the matching item. Geographic coordinates of an address can be determined based on another. For example, a data file containing student addresses can be matched to a street theme that contains addresses creating a point theme of where the students live.
- [Bounding Rectangle](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/bounding-rectangle/) - A rectangle which defines the limits of the study area
- [Projection](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/projection/) - Projection refers to the representation of one surface onto another.
- [Polyline](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/polyline/) - Any line defined by three or more points. Line features in themes such as boundaries, roads, streams and streets are usually polylines
- [Property](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/property/) - A named attribute of a class that describes a data value held by every object of the class
- [annotation](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/annotation/) - 1. Descriptive text used to label coverage features. It is used for display, not for analysis. 2. One of the feature classes in a coverage used to label other features. Information stored for annotation includes a text string, the location at which it is displayed, and a text symbol color, font, size, etc.)
- [arc-node topology](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/arc-node-topology/) - The topological data structure ArcInfo uses to represent connectivity between arcs and nodes. Arc-node topology supports the definition of linear feature and polygon boundaries, and supports analysis functions such as network tracing
- [ArcStorm database](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/arcstorm-database/) - An ArcStorm database is a collection of libraries, layers, INFO tables and external DBMS tables. Data stored in an ArcStorm database benefit from the transaction management and data archiving capabilities of ArcStorm.
- [ArcTools](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/arctools/) - ArcTools is a collection of ArcInfo productivity tools implemented through an AML based (ARC Macro Language) ArcTools provides a user-friendly approach to commonly used ArcInfo operations and functions.
- [attractiveness](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/attractiveness/) - The property or properties of a location that create an incentive for trips to be made to that location. For example, the attractiveness of a retail store could be a function of the retail floor space, number of parking spaces, product pricing, or a combination of these factors.
- [backup](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/backup/) - A copy of a file, a set of files, or whole disk for safekeeping in case the original is lost or damaged.
- [band separate](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/band-separate/) - An image format that stores each band of data collected by multispectral satellite scanning instruments in a separate file.
- [bandwidth](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/bandwidth/) - A measure of the volume of data that can flow through a communications link. Image data tend to exist as large data sets; thus moving image data sets from one computer to another requires high bandwidth or performance will be slowed. Also known as throughput.
- [Transverse cylindrical projection](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/transverse-cylindrical-projection/) - A map projection,in which the surface of the earth is drawn as it would appear if projected on acylinder wrapped around the earth in an east-west direction.
- [archive](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/archive/) - A preserved collection of historical information purged from an ArcStorm database.
- [ArcStorm](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/arcstorm/) - ArcStorm (ArcStorageManager) is a data storage facility and transaction manager for ArcInfo data. ArcStorm manages a feature-oriented database that can be closely integrated with database systems supported by ArcInfo's
- [Mercator projection](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/mercator-projection/) - Mercator projection-a map projection, designed by Grhardus Mercator, in which the surface of the earth is drawn as it would appear if projected on a cylinder wrapped around the earth
- [TIN](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/tin/) - Triangulated irregular network. A surface representation derived from irregularly spaced sample points and breakline features. The tin data set includes topological relationships between points and their neighboring triangles. Each sample point has an x,y coordinate and a surface, or z-value. These points are connected by edges to form a set of non-overlapping triangles used to
- [Project in GIS program of ESRI (ArcView)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/project-in-gis-program-of-esri-arcview/) - Project - is afile in which you store the work you do with ArcView. A project contains all the views,tables,charts,lyouts and scripts that you use for a particular ArcView application. Project file names have an *.apr extension
- [UTM](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/utm/) - For the UTM the globe is divided into 60 zones,each spanning six degrees of longitude.Each zone has its own central meridian from which it spans 3 degrees west and 3 degrees east.X and Y coordinates are recorded in meters.The origin of each zone is the equator and its central meridian. The value given to the
- [Link(external databases) in GIS program of Autodesc (AutoCadMap)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/linkexternal-databases-in-gis-program-of-autodesc-autocadmap/) - The connection between a drawing object and its related database data. The link data is stored on the linked drawing object and contains the name of the link template and the key value used to identify the associated record in the linked table.An object may have more than one link.
- [Attribute Values File](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/attribute-values-file/) - A non-spatial data file in which the attributes of numbered regions (of features) are listed.
- [Polygon](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/polygon/) - Polygon is a closed area.The area of space delineated by a boundary composed of straight line segments.Because the straight line segments are delineated by pairs of points, a polygon is ultimately stored in a vector system as a list of points (each with X and Y coordinate values),with the last point identical to the first.
- [Link (geometry)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/link-geometry/) - An element of geometry that connects nodes. In a polygon topology, a link defines a polygon edge. Links can contain vertices and true arcs, and can be represented as a line, polyline, or arc.
- [Link template -  in GIS program of Autodesc (AutoCadMap)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/link-template-in-gis-program-of-autodesc-autocadmap/) - Link template - a data structure that contains the path information to a database table and specifies one or more key fields in that table
- [Lock](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/lock/) - In software program of Autodesc (AutoCad) is option that makes all or part of a disk file read-only so that it cannot be modified by other users on a network. Object locking applies to objects that are being edited by another user. File locking applies to entire files, for example when an AutoCAD user wants
- [Autocorrelation](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/autocorrelation/) - Autocorrelation is the propensity of data values to be similar to surrounding data values. In a raster image, this describes the degree to which values in any cell will be similar to the cellsvsurrounding it. A common measurebof autocorrelation is Morans I, with a range from -1 yo +1. A value close to +1 indicates
- [Logical operator](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/logical-operator/) - A symbol such as And, Or, Not, =,>,>=,
- [Point](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/point/) - A point is a spatial object with no area. It is the simplest graphical representation of an object.Points have no dimensions but may be indicated on maps or displayed on screens by using symbols.
- [Band](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/band/) - A wavelength range in the electromagnetic spectrum that easily transmits solar radiation is referred to as an atmospheric window. Windows are the most useful areas for remote sensing data acquisition because radiation is least blocked or absorbed there. Those spectral ranges within these transmissive areas in which satellites detect signals are referred to as bands.
- [CCITT](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/ccitt/) - Comit? Consultatif Internationale de T?l?graphique et T?l?phonique (Consultative Committee on International Telephone and Telegraph). CCITT is a technical committee of the International Telecommunications Union, a United Nations organization in Geneva. It sets international communications recommendations concerning standardization of data interfaces, modems, and data networks. ArcInfo is fully compliant with CCITT Group IV, the Standard for
- [AAT, Arc attribute table](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/aat-arc-attribute-table/) - A table containing attributes for arc coverage features. In addition to user-defined attributes, the AAT contains the from and to nodes, the left and right polygons, the length, an internal sequence number and a feature identifier. See also feature attribute table
- [scanner](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/scanner/) - A device used for the direct collection of raster data.In remote sensing,a scanner moves (points) an electro-optical measuring device in a raster fashion over a visual scene.Regular measurements of reflectance are then taken along each row to form the data cell values.Various hardcopy scanning devices are also available.
- [Scan Line](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/scan-line/) - A horizontal group (a row) of image cells (pixels) spanning an entire image.
- [Aspect](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/aspect/) - The direction that a slope faces. This is determined as the direction you would be facing if you were looking downhill along the line of steepest descent._x000D_ It is the compass direction toward which a slope faces, measured in degrees from North in a clockwise direction.
- [Aspect ratio](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/aspect-ratio/) - the ratio of width of a raster image to its height
- [Azimuth](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/azimuth/) - The angle between a base line radiating from a center point and another line radiating from the same point. Normally the base line points north, and measurements are made clockwise from the base line. Azimuths are measured in degrees.
- [buffer fence](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/buffer-fence/) - A fence, or line, at a specified distance from a center line. Used to define a selection boundary
- [String](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/string/) - In computing,the term string is usually understood to refer to a group of characters.Attribute values files can have string fields to store the names of coded regions
- [Query expression - in GIS program of ESRI (ArcView)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/query-expression-in-gis-program-of-esri-arcview/) - A query expression - is aprecise definition of what you want to select. The expression in this definition can include multiple attributes, operators, and calculations.
- [Attribute table - in GIS program of ESRI (ArcView)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/attribute-table-in-gis-program-of-esri-arcview/) - Attribute table - a theme's attribute table contains information about the features in that theme, one record for each feature.
- [Extensions of ArcView - in GIS program of ESRI (ArcView)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/extensions-of-arcview-in-gis-program-of-esri-arcview/) - Extensions of ArcView are add - on programs that provide you with specialized GIS functionality. ArcView comes with several extensions, such as the CAD Reader extension. Note: If you open a project that uses an extension that is not currently loaded, ArcView automatically loads the extension for you.
- [Active theme - in GIS program of ESRI (ArcView)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/active-theme-in-gis-program-of-esri-arcview/) - By making a theme active you are telling : "I want to work with the features in that theme"
- [Geocoding](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/geocoding/) - Geocoding - is the progress by which you add point locations defined by street addresses, or other address infotmation to your map.It is the computer equivalent of pushing pins into astreet map on your wall. When you geocode tabular data containing addresses, GIS program reads the addresses, finds where they are located on your map,
- [Data series](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/data-series/) - Data series - is a set of related values for comparison in a chart
- [Data group](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/data-group/) - Data group
- [Exporting](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/exporting/) - Exporting is the process that enables you to use the attributes of features you have selected on a map in other programs.
- [Digitizing](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/digitizing/) - Digitizing is the process of converting the features on a paper map into digital format.When you digitize amap, you use a digitizing tablet connected to your computer to trace over the features you are interested in. The X,Y coordinates of these features are automatically recorded and stored as spatial data.
- [Image](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/image/) - An image is a graphic representation or description of an object that is typically produced by an optical or electronic device. Image is a type of spatial data based on rows and columns, where a single piece of information is stored in each pixel (or grid - cell).Since the spatial information in an image is
- [World File](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/world-file/) - World File is a separate ASCII file that contains the real - world transformation information (georeferencing information) used by the image in order to transform it's (image) coordinates into real world x,y coordinates.
- [Cover#,internal number](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/coverinternal-number/) - A unique sequence number automatically generated by ArcInfo for each coverage feature. This internal number is used to directly access features and to describe topological relationships between coverage features. It is often referred to as the 'record number'.
- [remote sensing](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/remote-sensing/) - Acquiring information about the environment that is acquired without being in direct contact with it is traditionally called remote sensing. Examples range from aerial photography to multi-spectral scanning, radar, and satellite imaging.
- [Vector](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/vector/) - A mathematical calculation of an object with precise direction and length. Vector data is stored as X,Y coordinates that form points, lines, and areas.
- [Centroid](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/centroid/) - A point or block that is part of a polygon in a topology. The centroid holds information about the area of polygon and perimeter.
- [GIS](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/gis/) - A computerized decision support system that integrates geographic data, attribute data, and other spatially referenced data. A GIS is used to capture, store,retrieve,analyse,and display spatial data.
- [map cleanup](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/map-cleanup/) - The process of removing errors or unnecessary data from a digitized,scanned,or imported map
- [Pan](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/pan/) - To move the active view up,down,or sideways to display areas in the map that,at the current viewing scale, lie outside the window
- [Area](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/area/) - Areas are used to represent objects defined in two dimensions.An area is delineated by at least three connecting lines, each of which comprise points.In databases, areas are represented by polygons.Therefore,the term polygon is often used instead of areaAreas are used to represent objects defined in two dimensions.An area is delineated by at least three connecting
- [Orthophoto](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/orthophoto/)
- [Scale](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/scale/) - The ratio of the distance on a paper map to the distance on the ground. If a paper map has a scale of 1:5000 (also represented as 1/5000), then a distance of 1 unit on the paper map corresponds to 5000 units on the ground. On a digital map, scale represents the scale of the
- [aerial photography](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/aerial-photography/)
- [Data Element](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/data-element/) - Information in an external file format, such as DGN,MIF, or SHP, which provides additional textual information about features
- [GPS](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/gps/) - A global positioning system calculates the range (distance) to a set of simultaneously viewable satellites to determine the coordinates of a position according to a specified geodetic referencing system
- [Table of Contents - in GIS program of ESRI (ArcView)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/table-of-contents-in-gis-program-of-esri-arcview/) - Table of Contents - shows all themes in a view, it also shows symbols used to draw the features in each theme a. The check box next to each theme indicates where it is currently turened on or off in the map, that is whether it is currently drawn on the map or not. b.Change
- [Theme - in GIS program of ESRI (ArcView)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/theme-in-gis-program-of-esri-arcview/) - Theme - a view is made up of layers of geographic information for a particular area or place. Each layeer is a collection of geographic features, such as rivers,lakes,countries… In ArcView these layers are called themes.
- [View - in GIS program of ESRI (ArcView)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/view-in-gis-program-of-esri-arcview/) - View - is an interactive map that lets you display, explore,query, and analyze geographic data in ArcView.
- [Project window - in GIS program of ESRI (ArcView)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/project-window-in-gis-program-of-esri-arcview/) - Project window - when you had opened the project, you''ll see a window named '*.apr'. This is the Project window. The Project window gives you access to all the components contained in the project file. It also enables you to create new components.
- [Layout - in GIS program of ESRI (ArcView)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/layout-in-gis-program-of-esri-arcview/) - Layout - alayout lets you assemble all the components you want to appear in a map,arrange them together to get the design you want, and then print it out when it is ready. Layouts make it easy to produce presentation quality maps with ArcView.
- [View frame - in GIS program of ESRI (ArcView)](https://www.orhitec.com/lexicon/view-frame-in-gis-program-of-esri-arcview/) - View frame - aview on alayout is displayed in a view frame. A view frame is simply a container that holds a representation of a specific view in your project. You can place any number of view frames onto a layout, and you can move and resize these frames to create the design you want.

## Projects

- [Eilat Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/eilat-municipality/) - Computerization of the engineering department in hardware systems and GIS software , including TIVM trainings (2002) GIS system for property management property taxes and levies Survey of construction anomalies in businesses
- [עיריית אילת](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-אילת/?lang=he) - מחשוב מחלקת ההנדסה במערכות חומרה ותוכנת GIS, כולל הדרכות TIVM (2002) מערכת GIS לניהול נכסים ארנונה והיטלים סקר חריגות בנייה בעסקים
- [עיריית בית שאן](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-בית-שאן/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS וסקר נכסים לארנונה, מיפוי ערים, סקר שילוט מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסי הרשות
- [עיריית אום אל פאחם](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-אום-אל-פאחם/?lang=he) - מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסי הרשות מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסים וארנונה
- [מועצה מקומית עיספיא](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-עיספיא/?lang=he) - מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסי הרשות
- [המועצה המקומית כאבול](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/המועצה-המקומית-כאבול/?lang=he) - מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסים וארנונה מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסי הרשות סקר כתובות מבוסס GIS של מספרי בתים ורחובות לפי הוראת הרשויות
- [מועצה מקומית נאות חובב](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-נאות-חובב/?lang=he) - הקמת מערכת GIS הכוללת ניהול מידע גיאוגרפי, סקר רכוש וארנונה, תשתיות עירוניות וכו'.
- [המועצה המקומית כסיפה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/המועצה-המקומית-כסיפה/?lang=he) - סקר והקמת מערכת GIS לניהול ארנונה עירונית, תשתיות עירוניות ודיור ציבורי על בסיס גושי אורתופוטו ומגרשים ונתוני אוכלוסייה
- [המועצה המקומית ריינה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/המועצה-המקומית-ריינה/?lang=he) - סקר נכסים, מיפוי רשות, אורתופוטו של תחום השיפוט 1:2500 והשטח הבנוי 1:1250 + גושים וחלקות
- [מועצה אזורית גליל תחתון](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-אזורית-גליל-תכתון/?lang=he) - סקר נכסים ב-GIS בכל רחבי המועצה, כולל הרשאה לעבודה במתקני מושבת, מיפוי אורתופוטו+בלוקים ומגרשים והתקנת מערכת GIS עם ממשק לוועדת התכנון.
- [DALYAT EL CARMEL](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/dalit-el-carmel-local-council-2/) - Survey and GIS system for property management and property tax Survey of signage fees in ERPGIS
- [Ariel Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/ariel-municipality/) - GIS system for managing traffic signs and traffic commission Survey and GIS system for managing the authority's assets GIS system for asset management collection and engineering A traffic sign management system A system for managing urban gardening and irrigation A comprehensive urban ERP\GIS system based on one database
- [Katzrin Local council + Planning and Construction Committee](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-katzrin-planning-and-construction-committee/) - A comprehensive ERP\GIS system for the management of the Authority in the following areas: Authority mapping Licensing and construction supervision Land designations and TBA management Property tax fees and levies Signage fees in businesses Traffic signs and traffic commission Survey and GIS system for managing the authority's assets GIS system for managing gardens and water
- [Tel Aviv Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/tel-aviv-municipality/) - GIS - based road sign survey
- [Tirat Ha-Karmel Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/tirat-ha-karmel-municipality/) - A comprehensive urban ERP\GIS system Urban infrastructure management Management of traffic signs and traffic commission Functional continuity management in an emergency Land designations, survey and GIS system for managing the authority's assets
- [תאגיד מים וביוב עין נטפים](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/ein-netafim-water-corporation/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS לניהול תשתיות מים וביוב
- [Ramat Gan Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/ramat-gan-municipality/) - GIS system for managing the urban gardening and irrigation system, management of tree surveys, supervision and control of contractors
- [Ramat Gan Water and sewage corporation](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/ramat-gan-water-corporation/) - ERP\GIS system for managing water and sewage wet infrastructures
- [Sderot Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/sderot-municipality/) - A comprehensive ERP\GIS system for the management of the Planning and Construction Committee, licensing and supervision of construction, management of zoning and land designations, survey of properties and property taxes, survey of signage fees in businesses, management of urban infrastructures
- [Yavniel Local Council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/yavniel-local-council/) - Property survey and property tax based on GIS Survey and GIS system for managing the authority's assets
- [Beit El Local Council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/beit-el-local-council/) - A comprehensive ERP\GIS system for the management of the Authority, licensing and supervision of construction, land designations and zoning, property survey for property tax, management of wet and dry infrastructures
- [Umm Al Fahm Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/umm-al-fahm-municipality/) - Survey and GIS system for managing the authority's assets Survey and GIS system for property management and property tax
- [Qalansawe Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/qalansawe-municipality/) - Survey and GIS system for property management and property tax Survey and GIS system for managing the authority's assets
- [Jullis Local Council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/jullis-local-council/) - A comprehensive urban ERP\GIS system Survey and GIS system for property management and property tax Survey and GIS system for managing the authority's assets
- [Kabul Local Council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/kabul-local-council/) - Survey and GIS system for property management and property tax Survey and GIS system for managing the authority's assets GIS - based address survey of house and street numbers According to the order of the authorities
- [Rishon Lezion Water and sewage corporation](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/rishon-lezion-meniv-corporation/) - ERP\GIS system for managing wet infrastructures - water, sewage, drainage
- [Avivim Water and sewage corporation](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/avivim-water-corporation/) - Survey and GIS system for managing water meters
- [Gedera Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/gedera-local-council/) - ERP\GIS system for building committee management, licensing and supervision of construction, management of zoning and land designations, management of addresses
- [Tira Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/tira-municipality/) - Survey and GIS system for property management and property tax GIS -based address survey of house and street numbers According to the order of the authorities
- [Emek Hamaianot Regional Council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/emek-hamaianot-regional-council/) - Survey and GIS system for property management and property tax
- [Maghar Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/majer-local-council/) - Survey and GIS system for property management and property tax
- [Sharonim Water and sewage corporation Ramat Hasharon](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/sharonim-corporation-water-ramat-hasharon/) - GIS -based survey of the drainage system and hydrants Engineering measurements for infrastructure planning
- [Holon Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/holon-municipality/) - Survey and GIS system for property management and property tax
- [Jisr Az Zarqa Local Council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/jisr-az-zarqa-local-council/) - GIS -based survey and system for managing the Authority's assets
- [Basma Local Council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/basma-local-council/) - Survey and GIS system for property management and property tax
- [Baqa El Garbiya Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/municipality-of-baqa-el-garbiya/) - Survey and GIS system for property management and property tax
- [Segev Shalom Local Council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-segev-shalom/) - Mapping the authority, updating blocks and plots, survey and setting up a GIS system for taxation and engineering
- [Rahat Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/rahat-municipality/) - Survey and GIS system for property management and property tax
- [Ministry of Interior](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/ministry-of-interior/) - Audit of a system for managing a committee for planning and construction, building licensing and land designations on behalf of the Ministry of the Interior
- [Lev Hasharon Regional council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-a-lev-hasharon/) - GIS system for the administration of the authority including: Computerization of the Planning and Construction Committee Computing property taxes, fees and levies Survey and GIS system for managing the authority's assets Urban infrastructures Transportation and Traffic Committees Management of garbage storage and removal facilities Council mapping photogrammetry and orthophoto + blocks and plots
- [Rosh Ha'Ain Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/rosh-haain-municipality/) - Property and property tax survey in the entire jurisdiction, numbering approximately 11,000 assessment units, including 2 industrial zones , a GIS system for managing urban layers, computerized mapping, blocks and plots, demographic information , a survey of road signs and traffic committees GIS system for traffic sign management in the parking authority, urban infrastructure management,
- [Kiryat Malachi Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/kiryat-malachi-municipality/) - Mapping the city and infrastructure GIS system for property management and property tax and construction deviations GIS system for traffic sign management
- [Petah Tikva Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/petah-tikva-municipality/) - A GIS system for managing property surveys and real estate taxation, linked to urban layers, computerized mapping, blocks and plots, demographic information, property information, property tax, fees and levies, in all jurisdictions Survey of signs all over the city (with Malgam company)
- [Ashdod Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/ashdod-municipality/) - Property survey and establishment of a GIS system to manage construction anomalies and property data in the fields of engineering and municipal taxation as part of a survey of construction anomalies and property tax
- [Jerusalem Water and sewage corporation the gihon](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/jerusalem-water-and-sewerage-corporation-the-gihon/) - Survey of gardens to manage water allocations for private gardens for about 10,000 units in the GIS system Survey of properties and sewerage fees in GIS systems in East Jerusalem neighborhoods
- [The Galilee Development Authority](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/the-galilee-development-authority/) - Survey of addresses, house numbers and streets according to the ordinance of the authorities , mapping of the authorities , updating and accompanying the authority
- [Modi'in Water and sewage corporation](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/modiin-water-corporation/) - GIS system for managing water and sewage infrastructure
- [Maale Adumim Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/maale-adumim-municipality/) - Property survey to manage assessment and property tax calculations from building permits including a GIS module for data management Survey of gardens and a GIS system for managing water allowances for gardens and property taxes Survey and GIS system for managing the authority's assets
- [Migdal Hamek Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/migdal-hamek-municipality/) - Asset survey and GIS system for asset management in the field of collection
- [Nazareth Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/nazareth-municipality/) - Establishing a GIS system for managing property taxes and signage fees in businesses, taxes and population, orthophoto mapping and GOH GIS system for managing signage fees in businesse
- [Neot Hovav Industrial Council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/neot-hovav-industrial-council/) - The establishment of a GIS system including geographic information management , property survey and property tax, municipal infrastructure, etc.
- [Galil Tachton Regional council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-a-galil-tachton/) - Property survey in GIS all over the council, including permission to work in the Moshebat facilities, orthophoto mapping + blocks and plots and installation of a GIS system with an interface to the planning committee.
- [Kfar Shmaryahu Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-kfar-shmaryahu/) - Collecting and calculating blocks and plots of analytes from field registers of the Measurements Division as a background for the GIS system as a basis for an available local government project
- [Hof Hasharon Regional Council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-a-hof-hasharon/) - Establishing the council's general and geographic website GIS system for managing property mapping and surveying in the council's kibbutzim to discover additional property tax charges in residences in the industrial areas and in the council's localities
- [Arara Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-arara/) - Property survey, GIS system for managing about 3000 properties in the fields of taxation and engineering, infrastructure survey House and street numbering survey according to the law in the GIS system , including the mapping of the council, updating the layer of blocks and plots, planning the numbering and accompanying the authority Survey and GIS
- [Kuseife Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-kuseife/) - Survey and establishment of a GIS system for the management of municipal property taxes, municipal infrastructures and public housing on the basis of orthophoto blocks and plots and population data
- [Arara banegev Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-arara-banegev/) - Survey and establishment of a GIS system for taxation on the basis of potage mapping, blocks of plots of land and infrastructure. The council's computerization in IBM systems
- [Hazor HaGalilit Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-hazor-hagalilit/) - The Council's computerization in IBM systems, including GIS software (without training)
- [Kfar Qara Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-kfar-qara/) - Authority mapping - photogrammetry in specification 827 of Bezeq and Chai
- [Reine Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-reine/) - Property survey, authority mapping, orthophoto of the jurisdiction 1:2500 and the built-up area 1:1250 + blocks and plots
- [Jerusalem Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/jerusalem-city-council/) - Mapping about 3000 educational institutions in the city and establishing a GIS module for their management
- [Shomron Regional Council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/shomron-regional-council/) - GIS system for managing geographic information and property tax in the Barkan and Shakhaq industrial areas
- [Bine Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/bine-municipality/) - Property survey, authority mapping, GIS system for asset management, collection and engineering
- [Mazkeret Batya Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-mazkeret-batya/) - Survey of water allowances for gardens in the GIS system
- [Taibe Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/taibe-municipality/) - GIS system for property management in the fields of collection and engineering Survey of addresses, house numbers and streets according to the ordinance of the authorities , mapping the city, updating the layer of blocks and plots, and accompanying the authority
- [Elad Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/elad-municipality/) - GIS system for property management, property tax, construction exceptions, fees and levies
- [Sakhnin Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/sakhnin-municipality/) - Property survey, GIS system for property management in the fields of collection and engineering
- [Zefat Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/zefat-municipality/) - GIS system for property management in the fields of collection and engineering
- [Pardes-Hanna-Karkur Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-pardes-hanna-karkur/) - GIS system for property management in the fields of collection and engineering
- [Mevaseret Zion Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-mevaseret-zion/) - GIS system for property management in the fields of collection and engineering
- [Nahef Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-nahef/) - Survey and GIS system for asset management in the fields of taxation and engineering
- [Lod Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/lod-municipality/) - GIS system for managing land designations and planning information An engineering expert for checking plans in the engineering department
- [Ramle Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/ramle-municipality/) - Urban gardening mapping, GIS system for gardening management the urban Survey of road signs and establishment of a GIS system for managing traffic committees
- [Hura local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/hura-local-council/) - ERP/GIS system , layer management, infrastructure management, property survey and property tax , authority mapping, blocks and plots , etc. , computerization of engineering archive, building permits, GIS system for engineering management and collection Survey and GIS system for managing the authority's assets
- [Laqye Local Council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/laqye-local-council/) - Property survey, authority mapping, updating blocks and plots, GIS system for engineering management and collection
- [Fassuta Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/fassuta-local-council/) - Property survey, authority mapping, updating blocks and plots, GIS system for engineering management and collection
- [Peqiin Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/peqiin-local-council/) - Property survey, authority mapping, updating blocks and plots, GIS system for engineering management and collection
- [Beit Shean Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/beit-shean-municipality/) - GIS system and property survey for property taxes, city mapping, signage survey Survey and GIS system for managing the authority's assets
- [Hatanur Water and sewage corporation (Katsrin, Kiryat Shmona ,Metula)](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/hatanur-corporation-katsrin-kiryat-shmona-metula/) - GIS system for managing municipal water and sewage infrastructure
- [Dimona Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/dimona-municipality/) - Property survey and property tax in the Authority's quarries, across from the Tamar Regional Council
- [Tel Aviv Development Authority](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/tel-aviv-development-authority/) - Survey and management of the advertising facilities in the city, the array of signs, billboards, bicycles, etc., in a dedicated GIS system, including supervision and control
- [Yavne Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/yavne-municipality/) - Property survey, property tax survey, fees and levies, establishment of a GIS system to link engineering and collection
- [Kfar Cana Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-kfar-cana/) - Property survey and property tax, authority mapping, GIS system for managing fees and charges.
- [Bustan El Marg Regional council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-a-bustan-el-marg/) - Property survey and property tax, authority mapping, GIS system for engineering management and collection.
- [Ein Afek Water and sewage corporation](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/ein-afek-corporation/) - GIS system for managing the AS MADE map archive at Rosh Ha'Ain Corporation GIS system for managing water meters GIS system for urban infrastructure management
- [Ma'ale Iron Regional council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-a-maale-iron/) - Property survey and property tax, authority mapping, GIS system for engineering management and collection.
- [Mei Iron Water and sewage corporation](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/mei-iron-corporation/) - GIS system for calculating fees and charges and asset management GIS system for managing water meters GIS system for infrastructure management
- [Masada Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-masada/) - Authority mapping - current orthophoto
- [Ein Knia Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-ein-knia/) - Authority mapping - current orthophoto
- [Rehovot Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/rehovot-municipality/) - Survey of public gardens, GIS system for urban gardening management
- [Nes Ziona Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/nes-ziona-municipality/) - GIS system for managing storage facilities
- [Givatayim Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/givatayim-municipality/) - Survey of public gardens, GIS system for public gardening management Survey of storage facilities - GIS system for management of storage facilities
- [Yuvalim Water and sewage corporation](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/yuvalim-water-corporation/) - GIS system for managing water meters and urban gardening
- [Kfar Yona Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-kfar-yona/) - Survey and GIS system for managing road signs and traffic committee
- [Binyamina Givat Ada Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-binyamina-givat-ada/) - Survey and GIS system for managing road signs and traffic commission Survey and GIS system for managing the authority's assets
- [Kfar Tavor Local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-m-kfar-tavor/) - Survey and system for managing signage fees in businesses
- [Golan Regional council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/m-a-golan/) - ERP\GIS system for managing a committee for planning, licensing and construction supervision
- [Shafaram Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/shafaram-municipality-2/) - Quality control for property survey in GIS performed by another company Photogrammetric mapping
- [Givatayim Water and sewerage corporation](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/givatayim-water-corporation/) - Urban Infrastructure management by ERP/GIS technology Engineering measurements for infrastructure planning
- [Abu Ghosh Local Council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/abu-ghosh-local-council/) - Survey and GIS system for managing the authority's assets
- [Mazraa local council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/mazraa-local-council/) - Survey and GIS system for managing the authority's assets
- [Kfar Qasem Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/kfar-qasem-municipality/) - Survey and GIS system for property management and property tax
- [Ein Netafim Water and sewage corporation](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/ein-netafim-water-corporation/) - GIS system for managing water and sewage infrastructure
- [Maayanot Ata Water and sewage corporation](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/maayanot-ata-water-corporation/) - Engineering measurements for infrastructure planning
- [Kiryat Arba Local Council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/kiryat-arba-local-council/) - A comprehensive ERP\GIS system for the management of the Authority in the following areas: System for managment Planning and Construction Committee Licensing and construction supervision Land designations and TBA management Property tax fees and levies
- [Bat Yam Municipality](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/bat-yam-municipality/) - Performing ground measurements (engineering and property taxes) and for municipal properties
- [Isifya Local Council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/isifya-local-council/) - Survey and GIS system for managing the authority's assets
- [Mashhad Local Council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/mashhad-local-council/) - Survey of addresses, house numbers and streets according to the ordinance of the authorities , mapping of the authorities , updating and accompanying the authority
- [Beit Jann Local Council](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/beit-jann-local-council/) - Survey of addresses, house numbers and streets according to the ordinance of the authorities , mapping of the authorities , updating and accompanying the authority
- [מועצה מקומית בית ג'אן](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-בית-גאן/?lang=he) - סקר כתובות, מספרי בתים ורחובות לפי פקודת הרשויות, מיפוי הרשויות, עדכון וליווי הרשות.
- [מועצה מקומית משהד](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-משהד/?lang=he) - סקר כתובות, מספרי בתים ורחובות לפי פקודת הרשויות, מיפוי הרשויות, עדכון וליווי הרשות.
- [עיריית בת ים](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-בת-ים/?lang=he) - ביצוע מדידות קרקע (הנדסה וארנונה) ולנכסי עירייה
- [מועצה מקומית קרית ארבע](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-קרית-ארבע/?lang=he) - מערכת ERP\GIS מקיפה לניהול הרשות בתחומים הבאים: מערכת לניהול ועדת תכנון ובנייה רישוי ופיקוח בניה ייעודי קרקע וניהול TBA אגרות והיטלים של ארנונה
- [תאגיד מים וביוב מעיינות אתא](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/תאגיד-מים-וביוב-מעיינות-אתא/?lang=he) - מדידות הנדסיות לתכנון תשתיות
- [עיריית כפר קאסם](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-כפר-קאסם/?lang=he) - מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסים וארנונה
- [מועצה מקומית מזרע](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-מזרע/?lang=he) - מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסי הרשות
- [המועצה המקומית אבו גוש](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/המועצה-המקומית-אבו-גוש/?lang=he) - מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסי הרשות
- [תאגיד המים והביוב גבעתיים](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/תאגיד-המים-והביוב-גבעתיים/?lang=he) - Urban Infrastructure management by ERP/GIS technology מדידות הנדסיות לתכנון תשתיות
- [מועצה מקומית דלית אל כרמל](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-דלית-אל-כרמל/?lang=he) - מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסים וארנונה סקר אגרות השילוט ב-ERPGIS
- [עיריית שפרעם](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-שפרעם/?lang=he) - בקרת איכות לסקר נכסים ב-GIS שבוצעה על ידי חברה אחרת מיפוי פוטוגרמטרי
- [מועצה אזורית גולן](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-אזורית-גולן/?lang=he) - מערכת ERP\GIS לניהול ועדה לתכנון, רישוי ופיקוח בניה
- [מועצה מקומית כפר תבור](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-כפר-תבור/?lang=he) - סקר ומערכת לניהול אגרות שילוט בבתי עסק
- [מועצה מקומית בנימינה גבעת עדה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-בנימינה-גבעת-עדה/?lang=he) - מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול תמרורים ועמלת תנועה מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסי הרשות
- [מועצה מקומית כפר יונה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-כפר-יונה/?lang=he) - מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול תמרורים וועדת תנועה
- [תאגיד מים וביוב יובלים](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/תאגיד-מים-וביוב-יובלים/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS לניהול מדי מים וגינון עירוני
- [עיריית גבעתיים](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-גבעתיים/?lang=he) - סקר גינות ציבוריות, מערכת GIS לניהול גינון ציבורי סקר מתקני אחסון - מערכת GIS לניהול מתקני אחסון
- [עיריית נס ציונה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-נס-ציונה/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS לניהול מתקני אחסון
- [עיריית רחובות](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-רחובות/?lang=he) - סקר גינות ציבוריות, מערכת GIS לניהול גינון עירוני
- [מועצה מקומית עין קניא](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-עין-קניא/?lang=he) - מיפוי רשות - אורתופוטו עדכני
- [המועצה המקומית מצדה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/המועצה-המקומית-מצדה/?lang=he) - מיפוי רשות - אורתופוטו עדכני
- [מי עירון תאגיד מים וביוב](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מי-עירון-תאגיד-מים-וביוב/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS לחישוב עמלות והיטלים וניהול נכסים מערכת GIS לניהול מדי מים מערכת GIS לניהול תשתיות
- [מועצה אזורית מעלה עירון](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-אזורית-מעלה-עירון/?lang=he) - סקר נכסים וארנונה, מיפוי רשות, מערכת GIS לניהול הנדסי וגבייה.
- [תאגיד המים והביוב עין אפק](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/תאגיד-המים-והביוב-עין-אפק/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS לניהול ארכיון מפות AS MADE בתאגיד ראש העין מערכת GIS לניהול מדי מים מערכת GIS לניהול תשתיות עירוניות
- [מועצה אזורית בוסתן אל מרג](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-אזורית-בוסתן-אל-מרג/?lang=he) - סקר נכסים וארנונה, מיפוי רשות, מערכת GIS לניהול הנדסי וגבייה.
- [מועצה מקומית כפר כנא](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-כפר-כנא/?lang=he) - סקר נכסים וארנונה, מיפוי רשות, מערכת GIS לניהול אגרות וחיובים.
- [עיריית יבנה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-יבנה/?lang=he) - סקר נכסים, סקר ארנונה, אגרות והיטלים, הקמת מערכת GIS לקישור הנדסה וגבייה
- [הרשות לפיתוח תל אביב](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/הרשות-לפיתוח-תל-אביב/?lang=he) - סקר וניהול מתקני הפרסום בעיר, מערך השלטים, שלטי חוצות, אופניים וכדומה במערכת GIS ייעודית לרבות פיקוח ובקרה
- [עיריית דימונה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-דימונה/?lang=he) - סקר רכוש וארנונה במחצבות הרשות מול המועצה האזורית תמר
- [תאגיד המים והביוב חתנור (קצרין, קריית שמונה, מטולה)](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/תאגיד-המים-והביוב-חתנור-קצרין-קריית-שמ/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS לניהול תשתיות מים וביוב עירוניות
- [מועצה מקומית פקין](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-פקין/?lang=he) - סקר נכסים, מיפוי רשויות, עדכון בלוקים וחלקות, מערכת GIS לניהול הנדסי וגבייה
- [המועצה המקומית פאסוטה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/המועצה-המקומית-פאסוטה/?lang=he) - סקר נכסים, מיפוי רשויות, עדכון בלוקים וחלקות, מערכת GIS לניהול הנדסי וגבייה
- [המועצה המקומית לאקיה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/המועצה-המקומית-לאקיה/?lang=he) - סקר נכסים, מיפוי רשויות, עדכון בלוקים וחלקות, מערכת GIS לניהול הנדסי וגבייה
- [מועצה מקומית חורה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-חורה/?lang=he) - מערכת ERP/GIS, ניהול שכבות, ניהול תשתיות, סקר נכסים וארנונה, מיפוי רשויות, בלוקים ומגרשים וכו'. , מחשוב ארכיון הנדסי, היתרי בנייה, מערכת GIS לניהול הנדסי ואיסוף מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסי הרשות
- [עיריית רמלה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-רמלה/?lang=he) - מיפוי גינון עירוני, מערכת GIS לניהול גינון העירוני סקר תמרורים והקמת מערכת GIS לניהול ועדות תנועה
- [עיריית לוד](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-לוד/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS לניהול ייעודי קרקע ומידע תכנוני מומחה הנדסי לבדיקת תכניות במחלקת ההנדסה
- [מועצה מקומית נחף](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-נחף/?lang=he) - מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסים בתחומי המיסוי וההנדסה
- [מועצה מקומית מבשרת ציון](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-מבשרת-ציון/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS לניהול נכסים בתחומי הגבייה וההנדסה
- [מועצה מקומית פרדס-חנה-כרכור](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-פרדס-חנה-כרכור/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS לניהול נכסים בתחומי הגבייה וההנדסה
- [עיריית צפת](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-צפת/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS לניהול נכסים בתחומי הגבייה וההנדסה
- [עיריית סכנין](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-סכנין/?lang=he) - סקר נכסים, מערכת GIS לניהול נכסים בתחומי הגבייה וההנדסה
- [עיריית אלעד](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-אלעד/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS לניהול נכסים, ארנונה, חריגות בניה, אגרות והיטלים
- [עיריית טייבה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-טייבה/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS לניהול נכסים בתחומי הגבייה וההנדסה סקר כתובות, מספרי בתים ורחובות לפי פקודת הרשויות, מיפוי העיר, עדכון שכבת הבלוקים והחלקות וליווי הרשות.
- [מועצה מקומית מזכרת בתיה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-מזכרת-בתיה/?lang=he) - סקר קצבאות מים לגינות במערכת GIS
- [עיריית בין](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-בין/?lang=he) - סקר נכסים, מיפוי סמכות, מערכת GIS לניהול נכסים, גבייה והנדסה
- [מועצה אזורית שומרון](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-אזורית-שומרון/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS לניהול מידע גיאוגרפי וארנונה באזורי התעשייה ברקן ושחק
- [עיריית ירושלים](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-ירושלים/?lang=he) - מיפוי של כ-3000 מוסדות חינוך בעיר והקמת מודול GIS לניהולם
- [מועצה מקומית כפר קרע](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-כפר-קרע/?lang=he) - מיפוי רשות - פוטוגרמטריה במפרט 827 של בזק וחי
- [מועצה מקומית חצור הגלילית](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-חצור-הגלילית/?lang=he) - מחשוב המועצה במערכות IBM לרבות תוכנת GIS (ללא הכשרה)
- [מועצה מקומית ערערה בנגב](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-ערערה-בנגב/?lang=he) - סקר והקמת מערך GIS למיסוי על בסיס מיפוי פוטאג', גושי חלקות ותשתיות. מחשוב המועצה במערכות IBM
- [מועצה מקומית ערערה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-ערערה/?lang=he) - סקר נכסים, מערכת GIS לניהול כ-3000 נכסים בתחומי מיסוי והנדסה, סקר תשתיות סקר מספור בתים ורחובות על פי חוק במערכת GIS, לרבות מיפוי המועצה, עדכון שכבת הבלוקים והמגרשים, תכנון המספור וליווי הרשות. מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסי הרשות
- [מועצה אזורית חוף השרון](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-אזורית-חוף-השרון/?lang=he) - הקמת האתר הכללי והגיאוגרפי של המועצה מערכת GIS לניהול מיפוי ומדידות נכסים בקיבוצי המועצה לגילוי חיובי ארנונה נוספים במגורים באזורי התעשייה וביישובי המועצה
- [מועצה מקומית כפר שמריהו](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-כפר-שמריהו/?lang=he) - איסוף וחישוב בלוקים וחלקות של אנליטים מרשמי שדה של אגף מדידות כרקע למערכת GIS כבסיס לפרויקט זמין של השלטון המקומי
- [עיריית נצרת](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-נצרת/?lang=he) - הקמת מערכת GIS לניהול ארנונה ואגרות שילוט בבתי עסק, מיסים ואוכלוסיה, מיפוי אורתופוטו ו-GOH מערכת GIS לניהול אגרות שילוט בעסק
- [עיריית מגדל העמק](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-מגדל-העמק/?lang=he) - סקר נכסים ומערכת GIS לניהול נכסים בתחום הגבייה
- [עיריית מעלה אדומים](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-מעלה-אדומים/?lang=he) - סקר נכסים לניהול חישובי שומה וארנונה מהיתרי בנייה כולל מודול GIS לניהול נתונים סקר גינות ומערכת GIS לניהול קצבאות מים לגינות וארנונה מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסי הרשות
- [תאגיד מים וביוב מודיעין](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/תאגיד-מים-וביוב-מודיעין/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS לניהול תשתיות מים וביוב
- [הרשות לפיתוח הגליל](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/הרשות-לפיתוח-הגליל/?lang=he) - סקר כתובות, מספרי בתים ורחובות לפי פקודת הרשויות, מיפוי הרשויות, עדכון וליווי הרשות.
- [תאגיד המים והביוב ירושלים הגיחון](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/תאגיד-המים-והביוב-ירושלים-הגיחון/?lang=he) - סקר גינות לניהול הקצאות מים לגינות פרטיות לכ-10,000 יחידות במערכת GIS סקר נכסים ואגרות ביוב במערכות GIS בשכונות מזרח ירושלים
- [עיריית אשדוד](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-אשדוד/?lang=he) - סקר נכסים והקמת מערכת GIS לניהול חריגות בניה ונתוני רכוש בתחומי ההנדסה והמיסוי העירוני במסגרת סקר חריגות בניה וארנונה
- [עיריית פתח תקווה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-פתח-תקווה/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS לניהול סקרי נכסים ומיסוי מקרקעין, צמודה לשכבות עירוניות, מיפוי ממוחשב, בלוקים ומגרשים, מידע דמוגרפי, מידע רכוש, ארנונה, אגרות והיטלים, בכל תחומי השיפוט. סקר שלטים בכל רחבי העיר (עם חברת מלגם)
- [עיריית קרית מלאכי](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-קרית-מלאכי/?lang=he) - מיפוי העיר והתשתיות מערכת GIS לניהול נכסים וארנונה וחריגות בניה מערכת GIS לניהול תמרורים
- [עיריית ראש העין](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-ראש-העין/?lang=he) - סקר ארנונה וארנונה בכל תחום השיפוט, המונה כ-11,000 יחידות שומה, כולל 2 אזורי תעשייה, מערכת GIS לניהול שכבות עירוניות, מיפוי ממוחשב, בלוקים ומגרשים, מידע דמוגרפי, סקר תמרורים וועדות תנועה. מערכת GIS לניהול תמרורים ברשות החניה, ניהול תשתיות עירוניות, שיתוף פעולה עם בזק וחכי, ניהול רשות השידור וה-STP, תחזוקה וניהול אתר החצ"ל. סקר ומערכת GIS לניהול
- [מועצה אזורית לב השרון](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-אזורית-לב-השרון/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS לניהול הרשות הכוללת: מחשוב הוועדה לתכנון ובניה מחשוב ארנונה, אגרות והיטלים מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסי הרשות תשתיות עירוניות ועדות תחבורה ותעבורה ניהול מתקני אחסון ופינוי אשפה מיפוי מועצת פוטוגרמטריה ואורתופוטו + בלוקים וחלקות
- [משרד הפנים](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/משרד-הפנים/?lang=he) - ביקורת מערך ניהול ועדה לתכנון ובניה, רישוי בנייה וייעודי קרקע מטעם משרד הפנים
- [עיריית רהט](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-רהט/?lang=he) - מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסים וארנונה
- [מועצה מקומית שגב שלום](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-שגב-שלום/?lang=he) - מיפוי הרשות, עדכון בלוקים וחלקות, סקר והקמת מערכת GIS למיסוי והנדסה
- [עיריית באקה אל גרביה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-באקה-אל-גרביה/?lang=he) - מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסים וארנונה
- [מועצה מקומית בסמה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-בסמה/?lang=he) - מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסים וארנונה
- [מועצה מקומית ג'סר עז זרקא](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-גסר-עז-זרקא/?lang=he) - סקר מבוסס GIS ומערכת לניהול נכסי הרשות
- [עיריית חולון](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-חולון/?lang=he) - מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסים וארנונה
- [תאגיד מים וביוב שרונים רמת השרון](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/תאגיד-מים-וביוב-שרונים-רמת-השרון/?lang=he) - סקר מבוסס GIS של מערכת הניקוז והברזים מדידות הנדסיות לתכנון תשתיות
- [מועצה מקומית מגאר](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-מגאר/?lang=he) - מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסים וארנונה
- [מועצה אזורית עמק המעיינות](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-אזורית-עמק-המעיינות/?lang=he) - מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסים וארנונה
- [עיריית טירה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-טירה/?lang=he) - מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסים וארנונה סקר כתובות מבוסס GIS של מספרי בתים ורחובות לפי הוראת הרשויות
- [מועצה מקומית גדרה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-גדרה/?lang=he) - מערכת ERP\GIS לניהול ועדות בנייה, רישוי ופיקוח על בניה, ניהול ייעודי ייעוד וקרקע, ניהול כתובות
- [תאגיד אביבים מים וביוב](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/תאגיד-אביבים-מים-וביוב/?lang=he) - מערכת מדידות ו-GIS לניהול מדי מים
- [תאגיד המים והביוב ראשון לציון](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/תאגיד-המים-והביוב-ראשון-לציון/?lang=he) - מערכת ERP\GIS לניהול תשתיות רטובות - מים, ביוב, ניקוז
- [המועצה המקומית ג'וליס](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/המועצה-המקומית-גוליס/?lang=he) - מערכת ERP\GIS עירונית מקיפה מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסים וארנונה מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסי הרשות
- [עיריית קלנסווה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-קלנסווה/?lang=he) - מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסים וארנונה מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסי הרשות
- [מועצה מקומית בית אל](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-בית-אל/?lang=he) - מערכת ERP\GIS מקיפה לניהול הרשות, רישוי ופיקוח על בנייה, ייעוד וייעוד קרקע, סקר רכוש לארנונה, ניהול תשתיות יבשות ורטיבות
- [מועצה מקומית יבניאל](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-יבניאל/?lang=he) - סקר נכסים וארנונה על בסיס GIS מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסי הרשות
- [עיריית שדרות](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-שדרות/?lang=he) - מערכת ERP\GIS מקיפה לניהול ועדת תכנון ובניה, רישוי ופיקוח על בנייה, ניהול ייעודי קרקע, סקר נכסים וארנונה, סקר אגרות שילוט בבתי עסק, ניהול תשתיות עירוניות
- [תאגיד המים והביוב רמת גן](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/תאגיד-המים-והביוב-רמת-גן/?lang=he) - מערכת ERP\GIS לניהול תשתיות רטובות מים וביוב
- [עיריית רמת גן](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-רמת-גן/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS לניהול מערך הגינון וההשקיה העירוני, ניהול סקרי עצים, פיקוח ובקרה על קבלנים
- [עיריית טירת הכרמל](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-טירת-הכרמל/?lang=he) - מערכת ERP\GIS עירונית מקיפה ניהול תשתיות עירוניות ניהול תמרורים ווועדת תנועה ניהול המשכיות פונקציונלית בשעת חירום ייעודי קרקע, מדידה ומערכת GIS לניהול נכסי הרשות
- [עיריית תל אביב](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-תל-אביב/?lang=he) - סקר תמרורים מבוסס GIS
- [מועצה מקומית קצרין + ועדה לתכנון ובניה](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/מועצה-מקומית-קצרין-ועדה-לתכנון-ובניה/?lang=he) - מערכת ERP\GIS מקיפה לניהול הרשות בתחומים הבאים: מיפוי רשות רישוי ופיקוח בניה ייעודי קרקע וניהול TBA אגרות והיטלים של ארנונה אגרות שילוט בבתי עסק תמרורים ווועדת תנועה מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסי הרשות מערכת GIS לניהול גינות וקצבאות מים
- [עיריית אריאל](https://www.orhitec.com/projects/עיריית-אריאל/?lang=he) - מערכת GIS לניהול תמרורים ועמלת תנועה מערכת סקר ו-GIS לניהול נכסי הרשות מערכת GIS לאיסוף והנדסה של ניהול נכסים מערכת לניהול תמרורים מערכת לניהול גינון עירוני והשקיה מערכת ERP\GIS עירונית מקיפה המבוססת על מסד נתונים אחד

## GIS Systems

- [פתרונות לעיר בטוחה ורציפות תפקודית בחירום](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/solutions-for-defence/?lang=he) - פתרונות לעיר בטוחה SAFE CITY ורציפות תפקודית בחירום במקור, הוקמה קבוצת Orhitec GIS בראשות מר בארי כהן על מנת לספק פתרונות GIS לרשויות הממשל המרכזי והמקומי, למטרות ניהול אזרחי אבטחתי וביטחוני בארץ ובחו"ל. טכנולוגית ה-ERPGIS שלנו משמשת כמסגרת לפיתוח נושאים רבים הקשורים בניהול העיר, כגון ניהול נכסים מיסים תשתיות תחבורה וכו', ומשמשת את הרשויות גם
- [פתרונות ויישומים לאיסוף נתונים גיאוגרפיים](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/applications-for-collecting-geographic-data/?lang=he) - Applications solutions for Collecting Urban Geographic Data Orhitec GIS develops solutions and applications in the field of information systems, particularly Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for governments, municipalities, businesses and the public. The department is involved in the field of interactive public domain government information and the integration of various information systems, in which information is
- [מיזם למינוף כלכלי של נכסי החשמל והחינוך ברשויות המקומיות](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/crises-management-system/?lang=he) - מיזם בקרה והתייעלות כלכלית בניהול החשמל ואנרגיה ברשויות המקומיות ותאגידי מים וביוב כללי - לאור רפורמת החשמל שהינה הגדולה ביותר במשק הישראלי מאז רפורמת הסלולאר, כל רשות ותאגיד בישראל יוכלו לבחור מאיזה ספק הם רוכשים את החשמל וליהנות מהנחות בשיעורים של 5%-20% מתעריף החשמל, ולחסוך בכך עלויות רבות https://www.gov.il/he/pages/electricity-reform המיזם "אורהייטק GIS בע"מ ופתרונות להכנסות
- [מערכת לניהול גינון והשקיה עירונית](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/gardening-and-urban-irrigation-management-2/?lang=he) - מערכת לניהול הגינון הציבורי וההשקיה העירונית בטכנולוגית ERPGIS חברתנו פיתחה מערכת ייעודית לניהול הגינון הציבורי וההשקיה העירונית ע"י הרשות, היחידה בישראל בטכנולוגית ERPGIS על בסיס נתונים אחד בכל מרכיביה – GARDEN GIS. המערכת מוקמת בשיטת Turnkey וכוללת את כל מרכיבי העבודה הדרושים לניהול הגינון הציבורי. סקרי הגינון המבוצעים על ידינו באמצעות אנשי מקצוע בעלי ניסיון והשכלה
- [Business Licensing Management System](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/business-licensing-management-system/) - Business licensing management system with ERPGIS technology A geographic survey and a business licensing management system using ERPGIS technology in the area of the Authority's jurisdiction include the following: Conducting a field survey that includes information gathering of all the businesses properties in the city which require a business license. The survey in the field
- [Solutions For Defence](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/solutions-for-defence/) - Solutions For Defence The GIS technology is being used as a frame for developing of many related topics, performing deferent activities under one roof, such as Property and Infrastructures management, Security & Defense, Traffic and Parking management, Real-estate taxes, etc.'. Originally, Orhitec GIS group headed by Mr. Barry Cohen, was established to provide GIS solutions
- [Urban Infrastructure management by ERP/GIS technology](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/urban-infrastructure-management-2/) - Urban Infrastructure management by ERPGIS technology Orhitec GIS LTD offers a complete solution for Urban Infrastructure Management by GIS technology - ERP\GIS on One Data Base, including Application development and Data collection services for Water, Sewage, Drainage, Electric, Lighting, Oil, Communications utilities, Scanning, Digitization etc. Handles Wet infrastructure - Water, sewage, drainage etc. Dry
- [Road and Traffic Signs management](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/traffic-signage-and-municipal-traffic-committee-2/) - A system for managing a municipal traffic committee to approve Traffic and road signs Our system has been approved by the Israeli Ministry of Transport and road safety. The purpose of the system and its capabilities: Mapping the array of all road and traffic signs in the authority's jurisdiction. To serve as a database for
- [Crises management system](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/crises-management-system/) - CRISES MANAGEMENT Considering the global disasters around the world, such as earthquakes, fires, floods, terrorist attacks, wars, etc., the awareness of the importance of the authorities dealing with crises, and the acquisition of the necessary tools for this in the governmental and municipal sphere, has risen again. Our company establishes and supplies the authorities a
- [Solid Waste Collection and management by GIS technology](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/solid-waste-collection-and-management-2/) - Solid Waste Collection and management by GIS technology Orhitec’s GIS Solid Waste collection management system is used to plan collection routes. For increasing the efficiency of public services while maximizing financial savings for the local authorities. The GIS Module for managing the following data: Geographic notation for solid waste collection in residential and commercial locations
- [Signage municipal fees in businesses and billboards by ERP/GIS technology](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/signage-municipal-fees-in-businesses-and-billboards-by-erpgis-technology/) - Signage municipal fees in businesses and billboards with ERPGIS technology Signage fees on business properties and billboards are imposed by the local authorities and municipalities on business signs located in public areas Management of signage fees using GIS technology enables the following advantages: Increasing the municipality's revenue from signage fees and billboards. An annual periodic
- [מערכת ERP/GIS לניהול מוניציפאלי מתקדם](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/erpgis-information-server/?lang=he) - מערכת ERPGIS עירונית - לניהול מוניציפאלי מתקדם חברת אורהייטק GIS בע"מ מתכבדת להציג בפניכם את סל המערכות היחיד לניהול עיר ובקרה מוניציפאלית שפותח כולו בטכנולוגית ERPGIS , ומאפשר לנהל עיר שלמה על בסיס נתונים אחד. המערכת מאפשרת להפעיל באופן ייחודי את כלל המודולים והנושאים בעלי הקשר למימד ההנדסי האלפה נומרי והגאוגרפי תחת ONE DATA BASE
- [מערכת לניהול וועדה לתכנון ובנייה – רישוי ופיקוח על הבנייה](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/land-registry-construction-and-planning/?lang=he) - מערכת שלמה לניהול וועדה לתכנון ובנייה בטכנולוגית ERP/GIS המערכת מבוססת על טכנולוגיה ייחודית שפותחה בחברה ואיחדה את המודולים שפעלו במשך שנים רבות בוועדות לתכנו"ב בישראל על טכנולוגיה אלפה נומרית בנפרד מהטכנולוגיה הגיאוגרפית, לטכנולוגית ERPGIS, קרי כל המודולים על בסיס נתונים אחד ב GIS, על פלטפורמה אוניברסאלית של ESRI ו-AUTODESK + MICROSOFT הרווחת בתחום המוניציפאלי והממשלתי.
- [מערכת לניהול ייעודי קרקע וזכויות בנייה](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/land-use-urban-building-plans-and-building-rights-2/?lang=he) - מערכת לניהול ייעודי קרקע ותב"ע מערכת לניהול כלל פעילות הוועדה לתכנון ובנייה, היחידה בישראל הפועלת כולה בטכנולוגיה ERP\GIS וכוללת מספר מערכות העובדות בסינרגיה אחת עם השנייה על בסיס נתונים אחד – כדלקמן: מערכת לניהול רישוי ופיקוח על הבניה הכוללת ניהול ממוחשב של כלל תהליכי הרישוי והפיקוח, מערכת לניהול ייעודי קרקע, כולל מעקב תב"ע, ניהול קדסטר,
- [מערכת לניהול ובקרה על מיסוי מוניציפאלי](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/property-taxes-and-revenue-management-2/?lang=he) - ניהול מיסוי מוניציפאלי, סקרי נכסים, ארנונה אגרות והיטלים בטכנולוגית GIS הבעיה - מורכבות המיסוי המוניציפאלי בישראל: אין אחידות - חישוב המס שונה מרשות לרשות, למשל השטח לחיוב בחלק מצווי המיסים לארנונה הינו בשיטת ברוטו (קונטור חיצוני של הנכס), בחלק בשיטת נטו (שטח הנכס ללא קירות המעטפת החיצונית), וחלק בשיטת נטו נטו (שטח רצפת הנכס, ללא
- [מערכת לניהול תשתיות עירוניות בטכנולוגית GIS](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/urban-infrastructure-management-2/?lang=he) - מערכת לניהול תשתיות עירוניות בטכנולוגית ERPGIS חברת אורהייטק GIS בע"מ מתכבדת להציג בפניכם את פתרון מלא לניהול תשתיות עירוניות בטכנולוגיית ERPGIS המבוססת על בסיס נתונים אחד לניהול כלל המודולים הנכללים במערכת. הפתרון של החברה כולל שירותי פיתוח תוכנה ואפליקציות, איסוף נתונים וניהול כולל בתחומי תשתיות המים, ביוב, ניקוז, תאורה עירונית, תקשורת, בקרת איכות, תחזוקה וליווי
- [מערכת לניהול תמרורים וועדות תנועה](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/traffic-signage-and-municipal-traffic-committee-2/?lang=he) - מערכת לניהול ומיפוי מערך התמרורים העירוני בטכנולוגית GIS המערכת כוללת שני מודולים כדלקמן: מערכת לניהול תמרורים מבוססת GIS מערכת לניהול ועדת תנועה ותחבורה עירונית לאישור תמרורים המערכת שלנו אושרה על ידי משרד התחבורה והבטיחות בדרכים הישראלי לחברתנו ניסיון רב בהקמת מערכות מסוג זה ברשויות רבות שבחרו בנו לביצוע הפרויקט כמו: עיריית תל אביב, עיריית טירת
- [מערכת לניהול רישוי עסקים בטכנולוגית GIS](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/business-licensing-management-system/?lang=he) - מערכת לניהול רישוי עסקים היחידה בישראל בטכנולוגית GIS המערכת לניהול רישוי עסקים של אורהייטק GIS בע"מ הינה היחידה בישראל הפועלת בטכנולוגית GIS מתקדמת, הכוללת ממשקים למערכות ניהול אגרות שילוט בעסקים, ניהול נכסים, ארנונה, רישוי ופיקוח על הבנייה ועוד. רישוי עסקים: מערכת GIS תאפיין את העסקים הדורשים רישוי בשכבה גיאוגרפית נפרדת, מתוכם עסקים בעלי רישוי ושטרם
- [מערכת לניהול נכסי רשות – ספר נכסים](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/overall-management-of-government-assets-using-erpgis-technology/?lang=he) - ספר נכסים ומערכת לניהול נכסי הרשות בטכנולוגית ERP.GIS ביצוע ספר נכסים בכל רשות הנו חובה בבחינת ניהול תקין של הרשות המקומית הן בהיבט הציבורי והן בהיבט הכלכלי. מטרת החוק המחייב את הרשויות המקומיות לבצע להחזיק ולנהל ספר נכסים בכל רשות הינה להקנות לרשות המקומית כלים לניהול שליטה ובקרה בנכסיה (דלא ניידי). מבקר המדינה מעלה נושא
- [מערכת לניהול אגרות שילוט בעסקים ושלטי חוצות בטכנולוגית GIS](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/signage-municipal-fees-in-businesses-and-billboards-by-erpgis-technology/?lang=he) - מערכת לניהול אגרות שילוט בעסקים ושלטי חוצות בטכנולוגית GIS אגרות שילוט בנכסי העסקים בעיר מוטלות על ידי הרשויות המקומיות על שלטי הפרסום הממוקמים בשטחים הציבוריים, בין אם מדובר בגבולות הנכס העסקי או ברחבי העיר – שילוט חוצות. ניהול אגרות השילוט בעסקים באמצעות טכנולוגית GIS יאפשר שליטה מרחבית בנתוני השילוט בעיר, הגדלת הכנסות הרשות ממס אמת,
- [מערכת לאיסוף וניהול פסולת מוצקה וגזם](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/solid-waste-collection-and-management-2/?lang=he) - מערכת לניהול איסוף פסולת מוצקה (אשפה) ומתקני אצירה בטכנולוגיית GIS מערכת ניהול איסוף הפסולת המוצקה (אשפה) ומתקני אצירה משמשת את הרשויות לצרכים הבאים: תכנון ואופטימיזציה של מסלולי האיסוף. הגברת יעילות השירותים הציבוריים תוך מיקסום החיסכון הכספי לרשויות המקומיות. תכונות המערכת: סימון גיאוגרפי של נקודות וכתובות מתקני האצירה ואיסוף האשפה. פירוט סוג מתקן האצירה כמו עגלה,
- [State and Municipal Assets management](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/overall-management-of-government-assets-using-erpgis-technology/) - Management of government assets using ERPGIS technology The establishment of a system for the management of assets related to the government in each authority is mandatory in considering the proper management of the local authority both in the public aspect and in the economic aspect. The purpose of the legislator to oblige the local authorities
- [Applications solutions for Collecting Urban Geographic Data](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/applications-for-collecting-geographic-data/) - Applications solutions for Collecting Urban Geographic Data Orhitec GIS develops solutions and applications in the field of information systems, particularly Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for governments, municipalities, businesses and the public. The department is involved in the field of interactive public domain government information and the integration of various information systems, in which information is
- [Gardening and Urban Irrigation management](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/gardening-and-urban-irrigation-management-2/) - Gardening and Urban Irrigation management by GIS technology Gardening and Urban Irrigation management is easy and effective with Orhitec GIS module for municipal authorities and gardening companies. This module will enable the user to plan municipal gardens and green area development, and to be more effective in maintenance, resulting in cost savings. The GIS application
- [Land Use & Urban Building Plans And Building Rights](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/land-use-urban-building-plans-and-building-rights-2/) - Land Use & Urban Building Plans And Building Rights Our company has developed a unique methodology and workflow process for GIS FOR LAND USE for governments and municipalities. The only ERPGIS system with one database for licensing and building supervision. We have assembled a special group of experts in town planning and in GIS, to
- [Building permits and land registry system by ERP/GIS technology](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/land-registry-construction-and-planning/) - Building permits system by GIS technology: While most of the building and licensing permits systems for local authorities in the world are in alphanumeric technologies that have no engineering and analysis capabilities, Orhitec GIS is the first company to develop it by GIS technology. The main advantage of our solution is that GIS combines all
- [ERP/GIS Information Server](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/erpgis-information-server/) - ERP/GIS Information Server Developed as a modular system that includes Layers ‘of state\municipal geographic information. Our system is capable of providing geographic information to a different users, for urban, civil and security use. The significant advantage of our ERP\GIS is the ability to use one database that is used by all the different users
- [Property Taxes and Revenue management](https://www.orhitec.com/gis-systems/property-taxes-and-revenue-management-2/) - What’s the Property tax problem? Real estate taxation systems are not technologically controlled, that is, are fed with uncontrolled information. An incorrect address can be entered, Incorrect ID no, incorrect property area, incorrect use, and the system does not have error logs. What is the solution? Property tax Management based on GIS (Geographic Information

## Presentations

- [מערכת חירום לאומית](https://www.orhitec.com/presentations/check/?lang=he)
- [תכנית מאה אלף גגות סולרים חדשים](https://www.orhitec.com/presentations/תכנית-מאה-אלף-גגות-סולרים-חדשים/?lang=he)
- [ניהול כתובות](https://www.orhitec.com/presentations/ניהול-כתובות/?lang=he)
- [ניהול וועדה לתכנון ובנייה](https://www.orhitec.com/presentations/ניהול-וועדה-לתכנון-ובנייה/?lang=he)
- [ניהול תשתיות מתקדם על ידי טכנולוגיות GIS לממשל מקומי](https://www.orhitec.com/presentations/infrastructure-advanced-management-by-gis-technology-for-central-local-government/?lang=he)
- [INFRASTRUCTURE ADVANCED MANAGEMENT BY GIS TECHNOLOGY FOR CENTRAL & LOCAL GOVERNMENT](https://www.orhitec.com/presentations/infrastructure-advanced-management-by-gis-technology-for-central-local-government/)

## Recommendations

- [Eilat](https://www.orhitec.com/recommendations/eilat/)

## Categories

- [Blog](https://www.orhitec.com/category/blog/)
- [עיתונות](https://www.orhitec.com/category/עיתונות/?lang=he)

## Project Country

- [Israel](https://www.orhitec.com/project-country/israel/)
- [ישראל](https://www.orhitec.com/project-country/israel-he/?lang=he)