is a complete hardware and software system designed, built, installed, and tested by a vendor for a customer. Supposedly, the system will be fully operational once it is installed and tested. The term derives from the idea that the customer need only “turn the key,” or flip on a switch, and the system will be ready to use. Turnkey systems are often preferred by customers who do not wish, or lack the expertise, to become encumbered in the complexities of system installation, configuration, and testing.